Cycloalkano-pyridines

ABSTRACT

The cycloalkano-pyridines are prepared by reacting corresponding cycloalkano-pyridine-aldehydes with suitable organometallic compounds or Wittig or Grignard reagents or reacting compounds of the cycloalkano-pyridine alcohols type with suitable bromine compounds, and optionally varying the functional groups accordingly. The cycloalkanopyridines are suitable as active compounds in medicaments, in particular in medicaments for the treatment of hypertipoproteinaemia and arteriosclerosis.

This application is a CIP of 08/889,530, filed Jul. 8, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,148.

The present invention relates to cycloalkano-pyridines, processes for their preparation and their use in medicaments.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,169,857 A2 discloses 7-(polysubstituted pyridyl)-6-heptenoates for the treatment of arteriosclerosis, lipoproteinaemia and hyperlipoproteinaemia. The preparation of 7-(4-aryl-3-pyridyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoates is additionally described in the publication EP 325 130 A2. The compound 5(6H)-quinolone, 3-benzyl-7,8-dihydro-2,7,7-trimethyl-4-phenyl- is furthermore known from the publication Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin. (1967), (6), 1118-1120.

The present invention relates to cycloalkano-pyridines of the general formula (I)

in which

A represents aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted up to 5 times in an identical or different manner by halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by straight-chain or branched alkyl, acyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxy each having up to 7 carbon atoms, or by a group of the formula —NR³R⁴,

in which

R³ and R⁴ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms,

D represents aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by phenyl, nitro, halogen, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy, or

represents a radical of the formula

in which

R⁵ and R⁶ and R⁹ independently of one another denote cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or denote aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a 5- to 7-membered, optionally benzo-fused, saturated or unsaturated, mono-, bi- or tricyclic heterocycle having up to 4 heteroatoms from the series S, N and/or O, where the cycles are substituted, if appropriate, in the case of the nitrogen-containing rings also via the N function, up to 5 times in an identical or different manner by halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched acyl, alkyl, alkylthio, alkylalkoxy, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl each having up to 6 carbon atoms, by aryl- or trifluoromethyl-substituted aryl each having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or by an optionally benzo-fused, aromatic 5- to 7-membered heterocycle having up to 3 heteroatoms from the series S, N and/or O, and/or are substituted by a group of the formula —OR¹⁰, —SR¹¹, —SO₂R¹² or —NR¹³R¹⁴,

in which

R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹² independently of one another denote aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, halogen or by straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms,

R¹³ and R¹⁴ are identical or different and have the meaning of R³ and R⁴ indicated above,

or

R⁵ and/or R⁶ denote a radical of the formula

R⁷ denotes hydrogen or halogen

and

R⁸ denotes hydrogen, halogen, azido, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched alkoxy or alkyl each having up to 6 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula —NR¹⁵R¹⁶,

in which

R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ are identical or different and have the meaning of R³ and R⁴ indicated above,

or

R⁷ and R⁸ together form a radical of the formula ═O or ═NR¹⁷,

in which

R¹⁷ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy or acyl each having up to 6 carbon atoms,

L denotes a straight-chain or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain each having up to 8 carbon atoms, each of which is optionally substituted up to 2 times by hydroxyl,

T and X are identical or different and denote a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 8 carbon atoms,

or

T or X denotes a bond,

V represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or an —NR¹⁸ group,

in which

R¹⁸ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl,

E represents cycloalkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or represents straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by cycloalkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms or hydroxyl, or represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by halogen or trifluoromethyl,

R¹ and R² together form a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 7 carbon atoms, which must be substituted by a carbonyl group and/or by a radical of the formula

in which

a and b are identical or different and denote a number 1, 2 or 3,

R¹⁹ denotes hydrogen, cycloalkyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched silylalkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy having up to 6 carbon atoms or by phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by halogen, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by phenyl- or tetrazole-substituted phenyl,

and alkyl is optionally substituted by a group of the formula —OR²²,

in which

R²² denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 4 carbon atoms or benzyl,

or

R¹⁹ denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 20 carbon atoms or benzoyl which is optionally substituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro or trifluoromethoxy, or denotes straight-chain or branched fluoroacyl having up to 8 carbon atoms and 9 fluorine atoms,

R²⁰ and R²¹ are identical or different, and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms,

or

R²⁰ and R²¹ together form a 3 to 6-membered carbocycle,

and, if appropriate also geminally, the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted up to 6 times in an identical or different manner by trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, halogen, carboxyl, nitro, azido, cyano, cycloalkyl or cycloalkyloxy each having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, by straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy or alkylthio each having up to 6 carbon atoms or by straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by hydroxyl, benzyloxy, trifluoromethyl, benzoyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy, oxyacyl or carboxyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms and/or phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy,

and/or the carbocycles formed, also geminally, are optionally substituted up to 5 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, benzoyl, thiophenyl or sulphonylbenzyl, which for their part are optionally substituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or nitro,

and/or are optionally substituted by a radical of the formula

in which

c denotes a number 1, 2, 3 or 4,

d denotes a number 0 or 1,

R²³ and R²⁴ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl, which is optionally substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano, phenyl or nitro,

and/or the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted by a spiro-linked radical of the formula

in which

W either denotes an oxygen or a sulphur atom,

Y and Y′ together form a 2- to 6-membered straight-chain or branched alkylene chain,

e denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7,

f denotes a number 1 or 2,

R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, R²⁹, R³⁰ and R³¹ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, halogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 6 carbon atoms,

or

R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ in each case together form a straight-chain or branched alkyl chain having up to 6 carbon atoms,

or

R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ in each case together form a radical of the

in which

W has the meaning indicated above,

g denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7,

R³² and R³³ together form a 3- to 7-membered heterocycle which contains an oxygen or sulphur atom or a group of the formula SO, SO₂ or —NR³⁴,

in which

R³⁴ denotes hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,

and their salts and N-oxides, with the exception of 5(6H)-quinolone, 3-benzoyl-7,8-dihydro-2,7,7-trimethyl-4-phenyl-.

The alkanopyridines according to the invention can also be present in the form of their salts. In general, salts with organic or inorganic bases or acids may be mentioned here.

In the context of the present invention, physiologically acceptable salts are preferred. Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds according to the invention can be salts of the substances according to the invention with mineral acids, carboxylic acids or sulphonic acids. Particularly preferred salts are, for example, those with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulphonic acid, toluenesulphonic acid, benzenesulphonic acid, naphthalenedisulphonic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid or benzoic acid.

Physiologically acceptable salts can also be metal or ammonium salts of the compounds according to the invention which have a free carboxyl group. Those particularly preferred are, for example, sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium salts, and also ammonium salts which are derived from ammonia, or organic amines, such as, for example, ethylamine, di- or triethylamine, di- or triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, arginine, lysine, ethylenediamine or 2-phenylethylamine.

The compounds according to the invention can exist in stereoisomeric forms which either behave as image and mirror image (enantiomers), or which do not behave as image and mirror image (diastereomers). The invention relates both to the enantiomers or diastereomers and to their respective mixtures. These mixtures of the enantiomers and diastereomers can be separated into the stereoisomerically uniform constituents in a known manner.

Heterocycle, if appropriate benzo-fused, in the context of the invention in general represents a saturated or unsaturated 5- to 7-membered, preferably 5- to 6-membered, heterocycle, which can contain up to 3 heteroatoms from the series consisting of S, N and/or O. Examples which may be mentioned are: indolyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, benzo[b]furanyl, pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, morpholinyl or piperidyl. Quinolyl, thienyl, pyridyl and furyl are preferred.

Preferred compounds of the general formula (I) according to the invention are those

in which

A represents naphthyl or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, amino, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 6 carbon atoms.

D represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by nitro, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, phenyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy, or represents a radical of the formula

in which

R⁵, R⁶ and R⁹ independently of one another denote cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, or denote phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, tetrazolyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, indolyl, morpholinyl, imidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, phenoxathiin-2-yl, benzoxazolyl, furyl, quinolyl or purin-8-yl, where the cycles are also substituted via the N function, optionally up to 3 times in the case of the nitrogen-containing rings, in an identical or different manner by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched acyl, alkyl, alkylthio, alkylalkoxy, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzoxathiazolyl, or trifluoromethyl-substituted phenyl or phenyl,

and/or are substitued by a group of the formula —OR¹⁰, —SR¹¹ or —SO₂R¹²,

in which

R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹² are identical or different and denote phenyl, which for its part is substitued up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, fluorine, chlorine or by straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,

or

R⁵ and/or R⁶ denotes a radical of the formula

R⁷ denotes hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine

and

R⁸ denotes hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, azido, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched alkoxy or alkyl having up to 5 carbon atoms in each case or a radical of the formula —NR¹⁵R¹⁶,

in which

R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,

or

R⁷ and R⁸ together form a radical of the formula ═O or ═NR¹⁷,

in which

R¹⁷ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy or acyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms,

L denotes a straight-chain or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain each having up to 6 carbon atoms, each of which is optionally substituted up to 2 times by hydroxyl,

T and X are identical or different and denote a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 6 carbon atoms,

or

T or X denotes a bond,

V represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or a group of the formula —NR¹⁸—,

in which

R¹⁸ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl,

E represents cyclopropyl, -butyl, -pentyl, -hexyl or -heptyl, or represents straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by cyclopropyl, -butyl, -hexyl, -pentyl, -heptyl or by hydroxyl,

or represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethyl,

R¹ and R² together form a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 6 carbon atoms, which must be substituted by a carboxyl group and/or by a radical of the formula

in which

a and b are identical or different and denote a number 1, 2 or 3,

R¹⁹ denotes hydrogen, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, straight-chain or branched silylalkyl having up to 7 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy having up to 4 carbon atoms or by phenyl which for its part can be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by phenyl- or tetrazole-substituted phenyl,

and alkyl is optionally substituted by a group of the formula —OR²²,

in which

R²² denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 3 carbon atoms or benzyl,

or

R¹⁹ denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 18 carbon atoms or benzoyl which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, nitro or trifluoromethoxy, or denotes straight-chain or branched fluoroacyl having up to 6 carbon atoms,

R²⁰ and R²¹ are identical or different, and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,

or

R²⁰ and R²¹ together form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl ring,

and the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted up to 5 times in an identical or different manner, optionally also geminally, by trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, azido, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, cyano, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, by straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy or alkylthio each having up to about 5 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by hydroxyl, benzyloxy, benzoyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy or oxyacyl each having up to 3 carbon atoms, trifluoromethyl and/or phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy,

and/or the carbocycles formed, also geminally, are optionally substituted up to 4 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, benzoyl, thiophenyl or sulphonylbenzyl, which for their part are optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or nitro,

and/or are optionally substituted by a radical of the formula

in which

c denotes a number 1, 2, 3 or 4,

d denotes a number 0 or 1,

R²³ and R²⁴ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl, which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, phenyl or trifluoromethyl,

and/or the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted by a spiro-linked radical of the formula

in which

W denotes either an oxygen or a sulphur atom,

Y and Y′ together form a 2- to 5-membered straight-chain or branched alkyl chain,

e denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,

f denotes a number 1 or 2,

R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, R²⁹, R³⁰ and R³¹ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 5 carbon atoms,

or

R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ in each case together form a straight-chain or branched alkyl chain having up to 5 carbon atoms or

R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ in each case together form a radical of the formula

in which

W has the meaning indicated above,

g denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,

and their salts and N-oxides with the exception of 5(6H)-quinolone, 3-benzoyl-7,8-dihydro-2,7,7-trimethyl-4-phenyl-.

Particularly preferred compounds of the general formula (I) according to the invention are those

in which

A represents phenyl which is optionally substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 5 carbon atoms,

D represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by nitro, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, or represents a radical of the formula

in which

R⁵, R⁶ and R⁹ independently of one another denote cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, or denote phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, tetrazolyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, phenoxathiin-2-yl, indolyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, furyl, quinolyl or purin-8-yl, where the cycles are substituted, optionally up to 3 times, in the case of the nitrogen-containing rings also via the N function, in an identical or different manner by fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkylthio, alkylalkoxy, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzothiazolyl, trifluoromethyl-substituted phenyl or phenyl and/or are substituted by a group of the formula —OR¹⁰, —SR¹¹ or —SO₂R¹²,

in which

R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹² are identical or different and denote phenyl, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, fluorine, chlorine or by straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 3 carbon atoms,

or

R⁵ and/or R⁶ denotes a radical of the formula

R⁷ denotes hydrogen or fluorine

and

R⁸ denotes hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, azido, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, trifluoromethoxy, or straight-chain or branched alkoxy or alkyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula —NR¹⁵R¹⁶,

in which

R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ are identical or different and denote hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 3 carbon atoms,

or

R⁷ and R⁸ together form a radical of the formula ═O or ═NR¹⁷,

in which

R¹⁷ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy or acyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms,

L denotes a straight-chain or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain each having up to 5 carbon atoms, each of which is optionally substituted up to 2 times by hydroxyl,

T and X are identical or different and denote a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 3 carbon atoms,

or

T or X denotes a bond,

V represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or a group of the formula —NR¹⁵,

in which

R¹⁵ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 3 carbon atoms,

E represents cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl or phenyl, which is optionally substituted by fluorine or trifluoromethyl, or represents straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl,

R¹ and R² together form a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 5 carbon atoms, which must be substituted by a carbonyl group and/or a radical of the formula

in which

a and b are identical or different and denote a number 1, 2 or 3,

R¹⁹ denotes hydrogen, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, straight-chain or branched silylalkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy having up to 3 carbon atoms or by phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by phenyl- or tetrazole-substituted phenyl,

and alkyl is optionally substituted by a group of the formula —OR²²,

in which

R²² denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 3 carbon atoms or benzyl,

or

R¹⁹ denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 15 carbon atoms or benzoyl, which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, nitro or trifluoromethoxy, or denotes straight-chain or branched fluoroacyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,

R²⁰ and R²¹ are identical or different, and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 3 carbon atoms

or

R²⁰ and R²¹ together form a cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl ring,

and the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted up to 4 times in an identical or different manner, optionally also geminally, by fluorine, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl, nitrile, carboxyl, azido, chlorine, bromine, cyano, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, by straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy or alkylthio each having up to 4 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by hydroxyl, benzyloxy, trifluoromethyl, benzoyl, methoxy, oxyacetyl and/or phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy,

and/or the carbocycles formed, are optionally substituted, also geminally; up to 4 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, benzoyl, thiophenyl or sulphonylbenzoyl, which for their part are optionally substituted by fluorine, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or nitro,

and/or are optionally substituted by a radical of the formula

in which

c denotes a number 1, 2, 3 or 4,

d denotes a number 0 or 1,

R²³ and R²⁴ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, benzyl, straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine or bromine,

and/or the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted by a spiro-linked radical of the formula

in which

w denotes either an oxygen or a sulphur atom,

Y and Y′ together form a 2- to 6-membered straight-chain or branched alkyl chain,

e denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

f denotes a number 1 or 2,

R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, R²⁹, R³⁰ and R³¹ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 4 carbon atoms,

or

R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ each together form a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 4 carbon atoms,

or

R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ each together form a radical of the formula

in which

W has the meaning indicated above,

g denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7,

and their salts and N-oxides, with the exception of 5(6H)-quinolone, 3-benzoyl-7,8-dihydro-2,7,7-trimethyl-4-phenyl-.

Very particularly preferred compounds of the formula (I) are those in which

A represents 4-fluoro-phenyl.

Also those compounds in which

E represents isopropyl or cyclopentyl.

A process for the preparation of the compounds of the general formula (I) according to the invention has additionally been found, characterized in that

[A] if D≠aryl, in compounds of the general formula (II)

in which

A, E, R¹ and R² have the meaning indicated above,

the substituent D is synthesized in inert solvents using organometallic reagents in the sense of a Grignard, Wittig or organolithium reaction,

or if D represents the radical of the formula R⁹—T—V—X, in which V denotes an oxygen atom,

[B] either compounds of the general formula (III)

in which

A, E, X, R¹ and R² have the meaning indicated above,

are reacted with compounds of the general formula (IV)

R⁹—T—Z  (IV),

in which

R⁹ and T have the meaning indicated above

and

z represents halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine,

in inert solvents, if appropriate in the presence of a base and/or auxiliary,

or

[C] compounds of the general formula (III) are first converted by reaction with compounds of the general formula (V)

in which

R³⁵ represents straight-chain alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,

into the compounds of the general formula (VI)

in which

A, E, X, R¹, R² and R³⁵ have the meaning indicated above,

and then reacted with compounds of the general formula (VII)

R⁹—T—V—H  (VII),

in which

R⁹, T and V have the meaning indicated above,

and, if appropriate, protective groups are removed,

or

[D] in the case of the compounds of the general formula (Ia)

in which

A and R⁶ have the meaning indicated above,

R³⁶ and R³⁷ are identical or different and represent trifluoromethyl, halogen, nitro, azido, cyano, cycloalkyl or cycloalkyloxy each having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or

represent straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy or alkylthio each having up to 6 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, or represent phenyl, benzoyl, thiophenyl or sulphonylbenzyl, which for their part are optionally substituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or nitro, or

R³⁶ and R³⁷ represent one of the abovementioned spiro-linked radicals of the formula

in which

W, Y, Y′, R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, e, R²⁹, R³⁰, R³¹, R³² and R³³ have the meaning indicated above,

compounds of the general formula (VIII)

in which

R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, A and E have the meaning indicated above,

are first oxidized to the compounds of the general formula (IX)

in which

R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, A and E have the meaning indicated above,

these are reacted in a next step by means of an asymmetric reduction to give the compounds of the general formula (X)

in which

R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, A and E have the meaning indicated above,

these are then converted by the introduction of a hydroxyl protective group into the compounds of the general formula (XI)

in which

R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, A and E have the meaning indicated above

and

R³⁸ represents a hydroxyl protective group, preferably a radical of the formula —SiR³⁹R⁴⁰R⁴¹,

in which

R³⁹, R⁴⁰ and R⁴¹ are identical or different and denote C₁-C₄-alkyl, the compounds of the general formula (XII)

in which

R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, R³⁸, A and E have the meaning indicated above,

are prepared from these in a subsequent step by diastereoselective reduction,

and then by introduction of the fluorine substituent using for example fluorinating reagents SF₄ derivatives, the DAST, Morph-DAST etc. compounds of the general formula (XIII)

in which

R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, R³⁸, A and E have the meaning indicated above,

are prepared,

and then the hydroxyl protective group is removed according to customary methods,

and if appropriate the substituents mentioned under D, E and/or R¹ and R² are varied or introduced according to customary methods.

The processes according to the invention can be illustrated by way of example by the following reaction schemes:

Suitable solvents for all processes are ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, or hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or petroleum fractions, or halogenohydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene, or ethyl acetate, or triethylamine, pyridine, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoramide, acetonitrile, acetone or nitromethane. It is also possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Dichloromethane is preferred.

Possible bases for the individual steps are the customary strongly basic compounds. These preferably include organolithium compounds such as, for example, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium or phenyllithium, or amides such as, for example, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium amide or potassium amide, or lithium hexamethylsilylamide, or alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride or potassium hydride. n-Butyllithium, sodium hydride or lithium diisopropylamide is particularly preferably employed.

The customary inorganic bases are additionally suitable for processes [B] and [C]. These preferably include alkali metal hydroxides or alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or barium hydroxide, or alkali metal carbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate. Sodium hydride or potassium hydroxide is particularly preferably employed.

Suitable organometallic reagents are, for example, systems such as Mg/bromobenzotrifluoride and p-trifluoromethylphenyllithium.

The reductions are in general carried out using reducing agents, preferably using those which are suitable for the reduction of ketones to hydroxyl compounds. Particularly suitable in this context is reduction with metal hydrides or complex metal hydrides in inert solvents, if appropriate in the presence of a trialkylborane. The reduction is preferably carried out using complex metal hydrides such as, for example, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, zinc borohydride, lithium trialkylborohydride or lithium aluminium hydride or diisobutylaluminium hydride. The reduction is very particularly preferably carried out using diisobutylaluminium hydride and sodium borohydride.

The reducing agent is in general employed in an amount from 1 mol to 6 mol, preferably from 1 mol to 4 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compounds to be reduced.

The reduction in general proceeds in a temperature range from −78° C. to +50° C., preferably from −78° C. to 0° C. in the case of DIBAH, 0° C. to room temperature in the case of NaBH₄, particularly preferably at −78° C., in each case depending on the choice of the reducing agent and solvent.

The reduction in general proceeds at normal pressure, but it is also possible to work at elevated or reduced pressure.

The hydrogenation is carried out according to customary methods using hydrogen in the presence of noble metal catalysts, such as, for example, Pd/C, Pt/C or Raney nickel in one of the abovementioned solvents, preferably in alcohols such as, for example, methanol, ethanol or propanol, in a temperature range from −20° C. to +100° C., preferably from 0° C. to +50° C., at normal pressure or elevated pressure.

Preferably, the process in case [A] is first carried out using compounds of the general formula (II) in which the carbocycle R¹/R² is first only substituted by a group —OSiR^(I)R^(II)R^(III), in which R^(I), R^(II) and R^(III) are identical or different and denote phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, and after removal of the protective group the substituent indicated above under R¹⁹/R²⁰ is introduced according to customary methods.

The removal of the protective group is in general carried out in one of the abovementioned alcohols and THF, preferably methanol/THF in the presence of hyrochloric acid in a temperature range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably at room temperature, and at normal pressure. In particular cases, the removal of the protective group with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in THF is preferred.

Hydroxyl protective groups in the context of the definition indicated above in general represents a protective group from the series: trimethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, 2-nitro-benzyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxy-benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, tetrahydropyranyl, formyl, acetyl, trichloroacetyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, [2-(tri-methylsilyl)ethoxy]-methyl, benzoyl, 4-methylbenzoyl, 4-nitrobenzoyl, 4-fluoro-benzoyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl or 4-methoxybenzoyl. Tetrahydropyranyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl and triisopropylsilyl are preferred. tert-Butyldimethylsilyl is particularly preferred.

Suitable solvents for the individual steps are ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, diisopropyl ether or hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or petroleum fractions, or halogenohydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene. It is also possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned.

Suitable oxidizing agents for the preparation of the compounds of the general formula (IX) are, for example, nitric acid, cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-benzoquinone, pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), pyridinium chlorochromate on basic alumina, osmium tetroxide and manganese dioxide. Manganese dioxide and nitric acid are preferred.

The oxidation is carried out in one of the abovementioned chlorinated hydrocarbons and water. Dichloromethane and water are preferred.

The oxidizing agent is employed in an amount from 1 mol to 10 mol, preferably from 2 mol to 5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compounds of the general formula (VIII).

The oxidation in general proceeds at a temperature from −50° C. to +100° C., preferably from 0° C. to room temperature.

The oxidation in general proceeds at normal pressure. However, it is also possible to carry out the oxidation at elevated or reduced pressure.

The asymmetric reduction to give the compounds of the general formula (X) is in general carried out in one of the abovementioned ethers or toluene, preferably tertrahydrofuran and toluene.

The reduction is in general carried out using enantiomerically pure 1R,2S-aminoindanol and borane complexes such as BH₃×THF, BH₃×DMS and BH₃×(C₂H₅)₂NC₆H₅. The system borane diethylaniline/1R,2S-aminoindanol is preferred.

The reducing agent is in general employed in an amount from 1 mol to 6 mol, preferably from 1 mol to 4 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compounds to be reduced.

The reduction in general proceeds at a temperature from −78° C. to +50° C., preferably from 0° C. to 30° C.

The reduction in general proceeds at normal pressure, but it is also possible to work at elevated or reduced pressure.

The introduction of the hydroxyl protective group is carried out in one of the abovementioned hydrocarbons, dimethylformamide or THF, preferably in toluene in the presence of lutidine in a temperature range from −20° C. to +50° C., preferably from −5° C. to room temperature, and at normal pressure.

Reagents for the introduction of the silyl protective group are in general tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride or tert-butyldimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulphonate. tert-Butyldimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulphonate is preferred.

The reduction to the compounds of the general formula (XI) proceeds in one of the abovementioned hydrocarbons, preferably toluene.

The reduction for the preparation of the compounds of the general formula (XII) is in general carried out using customary reducing agents, preferably using those which are suitable for the reduction of ketones to hydroxy compounds. Reduction with metal hydrides or complex metal hydrides in inert solvents, if appropriate in the presence of a trialkylborane, is particularly suitable here. Preferably, the reduction is carried out using complex metal hydrides such as, for example, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, zinc borohydride, lithium trialkylborohydride, diisobutylaluminium hydride, sodium bis-(2-methoxyethoxy)-dihydroaluminate or lithium aluminium hydride. The reduction is very particularly preferably carried out using sodium bis-(2-methoxyethoxy)-dihydroaluminate.

The reducing agent is in general employed in an amount from 1 mol to 6 mol. preferably from 1 mol ot 3 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compounds to be reduced.

The reduction in general proceeds at a temperature from −20° C. to +110° C., preferably from 0° C. to room temperature.

The reduction in general proceeds at normal pressure, but it is also possible to work at elevated or reduced pressure.

In the reduction to the compounds of the general formula (XII), small residues of the wrong diastereomer remain in the mother liquor. These residues can be reoxidized using customary oxidizing agents such as, for example, pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) or activated manganese dioxide, in particular using activated manganese dioxide, to protected (XI) and thus subjected to the synthesis cycle without loss of yield.

The introduction of the fluorine substituent is in general carried out in one of the abovementioned hydrocarbons or methylene chloride, preferably in toluene and under a protected gas atmosphere.

Under SF₄ derivatives, in general diethylaminosulphur trifluoride (DAST) or 2,2′-bisfluoro-substituted amines such as, for example, diethyl-1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropylamine, are prepared.

The reaction in general proceeds at a temperature from −78° C. to 100° C., preferably in the case of dimethylaminosulphur trifluoride at −78° C. to RT and in the case of diethyl-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropylamine at room temperature to 80° C.

The removal of the protective group is in general carried out in one of the abovementioned alcohols and THF, preferably methanol/THF in the presence of hydrochloric acid in a temperature range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably at room temperature, and at normal pressure. In particular cases, the removal of the protective group with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in THF at room temperature is preferred.

Derivatizations which may be mentioned by way of example are the following types of reactions: oxidations, reductions, hydrogenations, halogenation, Wittig/Grignard reactions and amidations/sulphoamidations.

Possible bases for the individual steps are the customary strongly basic compounds. These preferably include organolithium compounds such as, for example, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium or phenyllithium, or amides such as, for example, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium amide or potassium amide, or lithium hexamethylsilylamide, or alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride or potassium hydride. n-Butyllithium, sodium hydride or lithium diisopropylamide is particularly preferably employed.

Suitable bases are additionally the customary inorganic bases. These preferably include alkali metal hydroxides or alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or barium hydroxide, or alkali metal carbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonate or sodium hydrogen-carbonate. Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide particularly preferably employed.

Suitable solvents for the individual reaction steps are also alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or tert-butanol. tert-Butanol is preferred.

It may be necessary to carry out some reaction steps under a protective gas atmosphere.

The halogenations are in general carried out in one of the abovementioned chlorinated hydrocarbons, methylene chloride being preferred.

Suitable halogenating agents are, for example, diethylaminosulphur trifluoride (DAST), morpholino-sulphur trifluoride or SOCl₂.

The halogenation in general proceeds in a temperature range from −78° C. to +50° C., preferably from −78° C. to 0° C., in each case depending on the choice of the halogenating agent and solvent.

The halogenation in general proceeds at normal pressure, but it is also possible to work at elevated or reduced pressure.

The compounds of the general formula (II) and (III) are new and can be prepared by a process in which

by reaction of the compounds of the general formula (XIV)

in which

E has the meaning indicated above

and

R⁴² represents C₁-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl or aryl (D=aryl),

with aldehydes of the general formula (XV)

A—CHO  (XV),

in which

A has the meaning indicated above,

and compounds of the general formula (XVI)

in which

R⁴³ and R⁴⁴, including a carbonyl group, encompass the scope of meaning of R¹ and R² indicated above,

the compounds of the general formula (XVII)

in which

A, E, R⁴², R⁴³ and R⁴⁴ have the meaning indicated above,

are prepared

and in the case of the compounds of the general formula (III) a reduction, as described above, to the hydroxymethyl function follows,

and in a last step the alkoxycarbonyl group (R⁴²) is converted to an aldehyde group by a reductionloxidation sequence.

Suitable solvents for the oxidation are ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, or hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or petroleum fractions, or halogenohydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene, or ethyl acetate, or triethylamine, pyridine, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoramide, acetonitrile, acetone or nitromethane. It is also possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Methylene chloride is preferred.

Suitable oxidizing agents are, for example, cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-benzoquinone, pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), pyridinium chlorochromate on basic alumina, osmium tetroxide and manganese dioxide.

Sulphur trioxide-pyridine complex in DMSO/methylene chloride and pyridinium chlorochromate on basic alumina are preferred.

The oxidizing agent is employed in an amount from 1 mol to 10 mol, preferably from 2 mol to 5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compounds of the general formula (XVII).

The oxidation in general proceeds in a temperature range from −50° C. to +100° C., preferably from 0° C. to room temperature.

The oxidation in general proceeds at normal pressure. However, it is also possible to carry out the oxidation at elevated or reduced pressure.

The compounds of the general formulae (IV), (V), (VII), (MV), (XV) and (XVI) are known per se or can be prepared according to customary methods.

The compounds of the general formulae (VI) and (XV) are known in some cases or are new and can then be prepared as described above.

The compounds of the general formulae (IX) and (X) are new as a species and can be prepared as described above.

The compounds of the general formula (VIII) are new and can be prepared by a process in which

compounds of the general formulae (XVa), (XVIII) and (XIX)

in which

A, E, R⁶, R³⁶ and R³⁷ have the meaning indicated above,

are reacted with an acid.

Suitable solvents for the preparation of the compounds of the general formula (VIII) are the abovementioned ethers or alcohols. Diisopropyl ether is preferred.

Suitable acids for the preparation of the compounds of the general formula (VIII) are in general organic carboxylic acids and inorganic acids, such as, for example, oxalic acid, maleic acid, phosphoric acid, fumaric acid and trifluoroacetic acid. Trifluoroacetic acid is preferred.

The acid is in general employed in an amount from 0.1 to 5 mol, preferably 1 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compounds of the general formula (XIX).

The reaction is in general carried out at normal pressure. However, it is also possible to carry out the reaction at elevated or reduced pressure.

The reaction is in general carried out at the reflux temperature of the respective solvent.

The compounds of the general formulae (XV) and (XIX) are known per se or can be prepared by customary methods.

The compounds of the general formula (XVIII) are new and can be prepared by a process in which first, by reaction of the compounds of the general formula (XX)

E—CO₂—R⁴⁵  (XX)

in which

E has the meaning indicated above

and

R⁴⁵ represents C₁-C₄-alkyl, with compounds of the general formula (XXI)

in which

R⁶ has the meaning indicated above,

in a solvent in the presence of 18-crown-6 ether the compounds of the general formula (XXII)

in which

R⁶ and E have the meaning indicated above,

are prepared

and then reacted with ammonium acetate in inert solvents.

Suitable solvents for the first step of the process are the abovementioned ethers and hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran being preferred.

Suitable solvents for the reaction with the compounds of the general formula (XXII) are alcohols, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol. Ethanol is preferred.

All steps of the process are carried out at the respective reflux temperature of the corresponding solvent and at normal pressure.

The compounds of the general formulae (XX) and (XXI) are known in some cases or can be prepared according to known methods.

The compounds of the general formula (XXI) are partially new as a species and can be prepared as described above.

The compounds of the general formulae (I) and (Ia) according to the invention have an unforeseeable spectrum of pharmacological action.

The compounds of the general formulae (I) and (Ia) according to the invention have useful pharmacological properties which are superior in comparison with those of the prior art; in particular they are highly effective inhibitors of the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and stimulate reverse cholesterol transport. The active compounds according to the invention bring about a lowering of the LDL cholesterol level in the blood with a simultaneous increase in the HDL cholesterol level. They can therefore be used for the treatment and prevention of hyperlipoproteinaemia, dyslipidaemias, hypertriglyceridaemias, hyperlipidaemias or arteriosclerosis.

The pharmacological action of the substances according to the invention was determined in the following test:

CETP Inhibition Testing Obtainment of CETP

CETP is obtained from human plasma in partially purified form by differential centrifugation and column chromatography and used for the test. To this end, human plasma is adjusted to a density of 1.21 g per ml using NaBr and centrifuged at 4° C. for 18 h at 50,000 rpm. The bottom fraction (d>1.21 g/ml) is applied to a Sephadex®phenyl-sepharose 4B (Pharmacia) column, washed with 0.15 M NaCl/0.001 M trisHCl pH 7.4 and then eluted with distilled water. The CETP-active fractions are pooled, dialysed against 50 mM Na acetate pH 4.5 and applied to a CM-Sepharose® (Pharmacia) column. The column is then eluted using a linear gradient (0-1 M NaCl). The pooled CETP fractions are dialysed against 10 mM trisHCl pH 7.4 and then further purified by chromatography on a Mono Q® column (Pharmacia).

Obtainment of Radiolabelled HDL

50 ml of fresh human EDTA plasma are adjusted to a density of 1.12 using NaBr and centrifuged at 50,000 rpm for 18 h at 4° C. in a Ty 65 rotor. The upper phase is used to obtain cold LDL. The lower phase is dialysed against 3×4 l of PDB buffer (10 mM tris/HCl pH 7.4, 0.15 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.02% NaN₃). 20 μl of ³H-cholesterol (Dupont NET-725; 1 μC/μl dissolved in ethanol) are then added per 10 ml of retentate volume and the mixture is incubated under N₂ at 37° C. for 72 h.

The mixture is then adjusted to the density 1.21 using NaBr and centrifuged at 20° C. for 18 h at 50,000 rpm in the Ty 65 rotor. The upper phase is recovered and the lipoprotein fractions are purified by gradient centrifugation. To this end, the isolated, labelled lipoprotein fraction is adjusted to a density of 1.26 using NaBr. Each 4 ml of this solution are covered with a layer of 4 ml of a solution of density 1.21 and 4.5 ml of a solution of 1.063 (density solutions from PDB buffer and NaBr) in centrifuge tubes (SW 40 rotor) and then centrifuged in the SW 40 rotor for 24 h at 38,000 rpm and 20° C. The intermediate layer lying between the densities 1.063 and 1.21 and containing the labelled HDL is dialysed at 4° C. against 3×100 volumes of PDB buffer.

The retentate contains radiolabelled ³H-CE-HDL which, adjusted to about 5×10⁶ cmp per ml, is used for the test.

CETP Test

To test the CETP activity, the transfer of ³H-cholesterol ester from human HD lipoproteins to biotinylated LD lipoproteins is measured.

The reaction is ended by addition of streptavidin-SPA®beads (Amersham) and the transferred radioactivity is determined directly in a liquid scintillation counter.

In the test mixture, 10 μl of HDL-³H-cholesterol ester (˜50,000 cpm) are incubated at 37° C. for 18 h with 10 μl of biotin-LDL (Amersham) in 50 mM Hepes/0.15 M NaCl/0.1% bovine serum albumin/0.05% NaN₃ pH 7.4 with 10 μl of CETP (1 mg/ml) and 3 μl of solution of the substance to be tested (dissolved in 10% DMSO/1% RSA). 200 μl of the SPA-streptavidin bead solution (TRKQ 7005) are then added, the mixture is incubated further for 1 h with shaking and then measured in the scintillation counter. As controls, corresponding incubations with 10 μl of buffer, 10 μl of CETP at 4° C. and 10 μl of CETP at 37° C. are used.

The activity transferred into the control mixtures with CETP at 37° C. is rated as 100% transfer. The substance concentration at which this transfer is reduced by half is indicated as the IC₅₀ value.

In Table A which follows, the IC₅₀ values (mol/l) are indicated for CETP inhibitors:

Table A EXAMPLE IC₅₀ value (mol/l) EXAMPLE IC₅₀ value (mol/l) 76 6 × 10⁻⁹ 291 3 × 10⁻⁸ 90 6 × 10⁻⁸ 300 2 × 10⁻¹⁰ 166 1 − 1.8 × 10⁻⁸ 312 6 × 10⁻⁸ 195 7.5 × 10⁻⁷ 313 2 × 10⁻¹⁰ 237 8 × 10⁻⁷ 319 5 × 10⁻⁸ 244 6 × 10⁻⁸ 329 1.5 × 10⁻⁹

Ex vivo Activity of the Compounds According to the Invention

Syrian golden hamsters from in-house breeding are anaesthetized after fasting for 24 hours (0.8 mg/kg of atropine, 0.8 mg/kg of Ketavet® s.c., 30′later 50 mg/kg of Nembutal i.p.). The jugular vein is then exposed and cannulated. The test substance is dissolved in a suitable solvent (as a rule Adalat placebo solution: 60 g of glycerol, 100 ml of H₂O, PEG-400 to 1000 ml) and administered to the animals via a PE catheter inserted in the jugular vein. The control animals receive the same volume of solvent without test substance. The vein is then tied off and the wound is closed. The administration of the test substances can also be carried out p.o., by orally administering the substances dissolved in DMSO and suspended in 0.5% Tylose by means of a stomach tube. The control animals receive identical volumes of solvent without test substance.

After various times—up to 24 hours after administration—blood (about 250 μl) is taken from the animals by puncture of the retro-orbital venous plexus. Clotting is ended by incubation at 4° C. overnight, then centrifugation is carried out at 6000×g for 10 minutes. In the serum thus obtained, CETP activity is determined by the modified CETP test. As for the CETP test described above, the transfer of ³H-cholesterol ester from HD lipoproteins to biotinylated LD lipoproteins is measured.

The reaction is ended by addition of Streptavidin-SPA®beads (Amersham) and the transferred radioactivity is determined directly in the liquid scintillation counter.

The test mixture is carried out as described under “CETP test”. For the testing of the serum, only 10 μl of CETP are replaced by 10 μl of the corresponding serum samples. As controls, corresponding incubations with sera of untreated animals are used.

The activity transferred in the control mixtures with control sera is rated as 100% transfer. The substance concentration at which this transfer is reduced to a half is indicated as the ED₅₀ value.

TABLE B ED₅₀ values for ex vivo activity % Inhibition Example No. ED₅₀ at 30 mg/kg 115 <30 mg/kg 61.9 117 <30 mg/kg 86.0 170 <30 mg/kg 60.1 181 >30 mg/kg 46.4 184 <30 mg/kg 53.5

In vivo Activity of the Compounds According to the Invention

In experiments to determine the oral action on lipoproteins and triglycerides, test substance dissolved in DMSO and 0.5% Tylose suspended by means of a stomach tube are administered orally to Syrian golden hamsters from in-house breeding. To determine the CETP activity, blood (about 250 μl) is taken by retro-orbital puncture before the start of the experiment. The test substances are then administered orally by means of a stomach tube. The control animals receive identical volumes of solvents without test substance. The feed is then withdrawn from the animals and blood is taken at various times—up to 24 hours after substance administration—by puncture of the retro-orbital venous plexus. Clotting is ended by incubation at 4° C. overnight, then centrifugation at 6000×g is carried out for 10 minutes. In the serum thus obtained, the content of cholesterol and triglycerides is determined with the aid of modified commercially available enzyme tests (cholesterol enzymatic 14366 Merck, triglycerides 14364 Merck). Serum is suitably diluted using physiological saline solution.

100 μl of serum dilution are mixed with 100 μl of test substance in 96-hole plates and incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. The optical density is then determined at a wavelength of 492 nm using an automatic plate-reading apparatus. The triglyceride or cholesterol concentration contained in the samples is determined with the aid of a standard curve measured in parallel.

The determination of the content of HDL cholesterol is carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions after precipitation of the ApoB-containing lipoproteins by means of a reagent mixture (Sigma 352-4 HDL cholesterol reagent).

TABLE C HDL rise in in vivo experiments Example No. Dose (mg/kg) % HDL rise 76 2 × 3 +15.81 91 2 × 3 +12.58 209 2 × 3 +25.94 211 2 × 3 +7.54 237 2 × 3 +21.03

In vivo Activity in Transgenic hCETP Mice

Transgenic mice from in-house breeding (Dinchuck, Hart, Gonzalez, Karmann, Schmidt, Wirak; BBA (1995), 1295, 301) were administered the substances to be tested in the feed. Before the start of the experiment, blood was taken retro-orbitally from the mice in order to determine cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum. The serum was obtained as described above for hamsters by incubation at 4° C. overnight and subsequent centrifugation at 6000×g. After one week, blood was again taken from the mice in order to determine lipoproteins and triglycerides. The change in the parameters measured is expressed as a percentage change compared with the starting value.

TABLE D Example No. HDL LDL Triglycerides 76 +31.25% −15.3% −11.7% (400 ppm)

The invention additionally relates to the combination of cycloalkano-pyridines of the general formulae (I) and (Ia) with a glucosidase and/or amylase inhibitor for the treatment of familial hyperlipidaemias, of obesity (adiposity) and of diabetes mellitus. Glucosidase and/or amylase inhibitors in the context of the invention are, for example, acarbose, adiposine, voglibose, miglitol, emiglitate, MDL-25637, camiglibose (MDL-73945), tendamistate, AI-3688, trestatin, pradimicin-Q and salbostatin.

The combination of acarbose, miglitol, emiglitate or voglibose with one of the abovementioned compounds of the general formulae (I) and (Ia) according to the invention is preferred.

The compounds according to the invention can furthermore be used in combination with cholesterol-lowering vastatins or ApoB-lowering principles in order to treat dyslipidaemias, combined hyperlipidaemias, hypercholesterolaemias or hypertriglyceridaemias.

The combinations mentioned can also be employed for the primary or secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (e.g. myocardial infarct).

Vastatins in the context of the invention are, for example, lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin and cerivastatin. ApoB-lowering agents are, for example, MTP inhibitors.

The combination of cerivastatin or ApoB inhibitors with one of the abovementioned compounds of the general formulae (I) and (Ia) according to the invention is preferred.

The new active compounds can be converted in a known manner into the customary formulations, such as tablets, coated tablets, pills, granules, aerosols, syrups, emulsions, suspensions and solutions, using inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipients or solvents. In this case, the therapeutically active compound should in each case be present in a concentration of approximately 0.5 to 90% by weight of the total mixture, i.e. in amounts which are adequate in order to achieve the dosage range indicated.

The formulations are prepared, for example, by extending the active compounds with solvents and/or excipients, if appropriate using emulsifiers and/or dispersants, it being possible, for example, when water is used as a diluent, optionally to use organic solvents as auxiliary solvents.

Administration is carried out intravenously, parenterally, perlingually or preferably orally in a customary manner.

In the case of parenteral administration, solutions of the active compound can be employed using suitable liquid excipient materials.

In general, it has proved advantageous in the case of intravenous administration to administer amounts of approximately 0.001 to 1 mg/kg, preferably of approximately 0.01 to 0.5 mg/kg of body weight to achieve effective results, and in the case of oral administration the dose is approximately 0.01 to 20 mg/kg, preferably 0.1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight.

In spite of this, if appropriate it may be necessary to deviate from the amounts mentioned, mainly depending on the body weight or the type of administration route, on individual behaviour towards the medicament, the manner of its formulation and the time or interval at which administration takes place. Thus in some cases it may be sufficient to manage with less than the abovementioned minimum amount, while in other cases the upper limit mentioned has to be exceeded. In the case of the administration of relatively large amounts, it may be advisable to divide these into several individual doses over the course of the day.

Abbreviations Used

Cy=cyclohexane

EA=ethyl acetate

PE=petroleum ether

THF=tetrahydrofuran

DAST=diethylamino-sulphur trifluoride

PTS=para-toluenesulphonic acid

PDC=pyridinium dichromate

PE/EA=petroleum ether/ethyl acetate

Tol=toluene

Starting Compounds EXAMPLE I

Methyl 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate

50.14 g (0.404 mol) of p-fluorobenzaldehyde, 45.3 g (0.404 mol) of 1,3-cyclohexanedione and 57.89 g (0.404 mol) of methyl 3-amino-4-methyl-pent-2-en-oate are boiled under reflux for 60 hours in 1000 ml of ethanol. The mixture is cooled to room temperature and concentrated to dryness. The residue is dissolved hot in 500 ml of toluene, the solution is treated with cooling with 1 l of petroleum ether and the product which crystallizes out is filtered off with suction.

Yield: 100.8 g (72.6% of theory)

R_(f)=0.15 (toluene/EA 8:1)

EXAMPLE II

Methyl 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate

30.44 g (0.1341 mol) of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) are added to a solution of 46.04 g (0.1341 mol) of the compound from Example I in 645 g of dichloromethane p.a. and the mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solid is then filtered off with suction through 500 ml of silica gel 60 and washed with 700 ml of dichloromethane, and the combined filtrates are concentrated to dryness.

Yield: 24.2 g (52.87% of theory)

R_(f)=0.54 (toluene/EA 8:2)

EXAMPLE III

Methyl 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-5-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate

70.64 g (0.207 mol) of the compound from Example II are dissolved under argon in 706 g of toluene p.a., the solution is cooled to −78° C. and 228 ml (0.228 mol; 1.1 eq.) of diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL-H; 1.0 molar in toluene) are added dropwise in the course of 20 min. After stirring at −78° C. for 5 min, 35 ml (0.15 eq. of DIBAL-H are again added and the mixture is stirred for 10 min. 500 ml of 20% strength potassium sodium tartrate solution are then added dropwise at −78° C., the temperature slowly rising to 20° C. After a stirring time of 1 hour, the aqueous phase is separated off and extracted twice with ethyl acetate, and the combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by chromatography on 1000 ml of silica gel 60 using toluene, toluene/EA mixtures (9:1, 8:2). The fractions containing the desired compound are collected, concentrated down to 100 ml and treated with petroleum ether. The precipitated crystallizate is filtered off with suction and dried overnight in a high vacuum.

Yield: 1st fraction: 61.69 g (86.8% of theory)

Yield: 2nd fraction: 6.34 g (8.9% of theory)

R_(f)=0.14 (toluene/EA 9: 1)

EXAMPLE IV

Methyl 5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-i sopropyl-5,6,7,8 -tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate

68.0 g (0.198 mol) of the compound from Example III are dissolved in 340 g of DMF p.a. and are treated successively with 59.69 g (0.396 mol; 2 eq.) of tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride, 48.54 g (0.713 mol; 3.6 eq.) of imidazole and 0.484 g (0.00396 mol, 0.02 eq.) of N-dimethylaminopyridine. The mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature, partitioned in 800 ml of ammonium chloride solution and 400 ml of ethyl acetate and adjusted to a pH of 5 to 6 using 6 molar hydrochloric acid. The organic phase is separated off, the aqueous phase is extracted twice more with ethyl acetate, and the combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue—dissolved in toluene—is applied to 1800 ml of silica gel, and eluted initially with toluene and later with toluene/EA (9:1). After concentration of the eluates a white, crystalline product is obtained.

Yield: 87.5 g (96.7% of theory)

R_(f)=0.68 (toluene/EA 9:1)

EXAMPLE V

5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

87.4 g (0.191 mol) of the compound from Example IV are dissolved in 500 g of toluene p.a. and cooled to −78° C. under argon. 690 ml (0.690 mol; 3.61 eq.) of DEBAL-H (1.0 molar in toluene) are added dropwise in 1 hour and the mixture is then stirred at −78° C. for a further 1.5 hours. 30 ml of potassium sodium tartrate solution are cautiously added to the solution cooled to −78° C. and it is stirred at −78° C. for 30 min. The mixture is then allowed to rise to room temperature, 400 ml of potassium sodium tartrate solution are poured in and the mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate. Finally, a further 1.2 1 of potassium sodium tartrate solution are added, two almost clear solutions gradually being formed. The organic phase is separated off, and the aqueous phase is extracted a further two times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are dried using sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The semisolid residue is dissolved in 400 ml of toluene, and the solution is applied to 1100 ml of silica gel 60 which has previously been conditioned with toluene and eluted successively with toluene and toluene/EA (9:1). The fractions which contain the desired compound are concentrated and the oil recovered is treated with petroleum ether, a crystal magma being precipitated.

Yield: 75.52 g (92.0% of theory)

R_(f)=0.28 (toluene/EA 9:1)

EXAMPLE VI

5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde

31.8 g (0.312 mol; 2 eq.) of neutral alumina and 67.3 g (0.312 mol; 2 eq.) of pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) are added to a solution of 67.1 g (0.156 mol) of the compound from Example V in 671 g of dichloromethane and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The reaction solution is applied to 1100 ml of silica gel 60 (dry) and then eluted first with toluene and later with ethyl acetate/methanol (9:1). The fractions which contain the desired compound are concentrated, and the precipitated material is filtered off with suction and washed with a little toluene. The material obtained is then dissolved in 100 ml of toluene, and the solution is applied to 250 ml of silica gel 60 and eluted with toluene and toluene/EA (9:1). The eluates are concentrated and the resulting oil is crystallized using petroleum ether.

Yield: 1st fraction: 28.8 g (43.1% of theory)

Yield: 2nd fraction: 10.05 g (15.1% of theory)

R_(f)=0.72 (toluene/EA 9:1)

EXAMPLE VII

5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[hydroxy-(4-trifluoro-methylphenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (dia A/dia B mixture)

341 mg (14.03 mmol; 6 eq.) of magnesium turnings are initially introduced into 30 ml of TBF p.a., the mixture is heated to reflux under argon and 1.052 g (4.676 mmol; 2 eq.) of 4-bromobenzotrifluoride are added dropwise in pure form by means of syringe. The mixture is boiled under reflux for 45 min, then allowed to cool to room temperature (Grignard reagent). 1.0 g (2.338 mmol) of the compound from Example VI are dissolved in 20 ml of THF p.a., cooled to about −78° C. under argon and the Grignard reagent is then added with stirring. The cooling bath is removed and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour. The reaction solution is partitioned in 200 ml of conc. ammonium chloride solution and 250 ml of ethyl acetate with stirring, the organic phase is separated off, the aqueous phase is extracted a further two times with ethyl acetate, the combined organic phases are dried using sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated, and the residue is dried overnight in a high vacuum.

Yield: 1.18 g (97.5% of theory; dia A/dia B mixture)

The separation of the two pairs of diastereomers (dia A and dia B) is carried out by chromatography on 100 ml of silica gel 60, conditioned with cyclohexane. The diastereomer mixture—dissolved in 4 ml of cyclohexane—is eluted on silica gel 60, first with cyclohexane and then with cyclohexane/THF (9:1). After concentration of the fractions the two pairs of diastereomers are obtained.

Yield: dia A: 789 mg (65.2% of theory)

R_(f)=0.42 (Cy/THF 9:1)

Yield: dia B: 410 mg (33.9% of theory)

R_(f)=0.24 (Cy/THF 9:1)

EXAMPLE VIII

5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoro-methylphenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (dia A/dia B mixture)

0.302 ml of diethylaminosulphur trifluoride (DAST) are added at −78° C. under argon to a solution of 876 mg (1.521 mmol) of the diastereomer mixture A/B from Example VII in 70 ml of dichloromethane p.a. by means of syringe, then the cooling bath is taken away and the mixture is stirred for 30 min. After this, the reaction solution is stirred into ethyl acetate/ammonium chloride solution, the organic phase is separated off, the aqueous phase is extracted a further three times with ethyl acetate, the whole organic extract is dried using sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated, and the residue is dried in a high vacuum.

Yield: 690 mg (78.5% of theory)

R_(f)=0.57 (toluene/EA 9:1)

EXAMPLE IX

5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (dia A)

Analogously to Example VIII, 250 mg (0.436 mmol) of the compound dia A from Example VII in 10 ml of dichloromethane p.a. are reacted at −78° C. with 0.086 ml (0.654 mmol; 1.5 eq.) of DAST.

Yield: 233 mg (92.8% of theory)

R_(f)=0.76 (Cy/TBF 9:1)

EXAMPLE X

5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (dia B)

Analogously to Example VIII, 250 mg (0.436 mmol) of the compound dia B from Example VII in 10 ml of dichloromethane p.a. are reacted at −78° C. with 0.086 ml (0.654 mmol; 1.5 eq.) of DAST.

Yield: 246 mg (98.4% of theory)

R_(f)=0.76 (Cy/THF 9:1)

EXAMPLE XI

8-Bromo-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

9.3 g (52.0 mmol) of N-bromosuccinimide and 500 mg of azobisisobutyronitrile are added under argon to a solution of 18.7 g (32.5 mmol) of the compound from Example X in 500 ml of carbon tetrachloride. The mixture is heated to reflux, vigorous reaction commencing after 10 min. After 2.5 hours, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, solid is filtered off with suction and the filtrate is concentrated. The crude product is eluted on silica gel 60 using Cy/EA 15:1, the fractions are concentrated and the residue is dried in a high vacuum.

Yield: 9.9 g (47% of theory)

R_(f)=0.58 (Cy/EA 9:1)

EXAMPLE XII

8-Butyl-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

179 mg of copper(I) cyanide (2 mmol) are suspended in 3 ml of absolute toluene under argon and the solvent is stripped off in vacuo. The residue is then suspended in 2.6 ml of absolute THF and cooled to −65° C. 2.5 ml of 1.6 molar N-butyllithium solution (4 mmol) are added dropwise at this temperature and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour with increase in the temperature to −30° C. in between. A solution of 654 mg (1 mmol) of the compound from Example XI in 2 ml of absolute THF is added dropwise to this solution at −65° C. and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour. For working up, it is treated with a mixture of 4.5 ml of saturated ammonium chloride solution and 0.5 ml of conc. ammonia solution, diluted with 30 ml of water and extracted three times with 15 ml of diethyl ether each time. The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is eluted on silica gel (0.04-0.0063 mm) using Cy:EA 98:2.

Yield: 200 mg (32% of theory)

R_(f)=0.33 (Cy:EA 98:2)

EXAMPLE XII

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6-dihydroquinolin-5-ol

10.9 ml of 1.1 molar tetrabutylammonium fluoride solution are added dropwise at room temperature to a solution of 1.3 g (2 mmol) of 8-bromo-5-(tert-butyl-silyloxy)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline in 13 ml of THF. After 1 h, a mixture of 100 ml of water and 50 ml of toluene is stirred in. The phases are separated and the aqueous phase is reextracted with toluene. The combined organic phases are washed with water until neutral, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated. The crude product is eluted on silica gel (0.04-0.063 mm) using Cy/EA 8:2, the fraction is concentrated and the product is crystallized.

Yield: 640 mg (70% of theory)

R_(f)=0.17 (Cy/EA 8:2)

EXAMPLE XIV

1-Cyclopentyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-propane- 1,3-dione

1.97 kg of potassium tert-butoxide, 2.26 kg of methyl cyclopentanecarboxylate, 1.66 kg of p-trifluoromethylacetophenone and 36 g of 18-crown-6 ether were refluxed in 18 liters of tetrahydrofuran for 4 hours. Quenching of the reaction was carried out using 16 liters of 10% strength hydrochloric acid at room temperature. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution. After distilling off the solvent, the residue was distilled in an oil-pump vacuum at 1.5 mbar. 1.664 kg of 1-cyclopentyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)propane-1,3-dione resulted as an oil, which crystallized completely on allowing to stand.

Boiling point: 138-145° C./1.5 mbar.

EXAMPLE XV

3-Amino-3-cyclopentyl-l1 (4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-propenone

1622.6 g of 1-cyclopentyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)propane-1,3-dione and 730 g of ammonium acetate were refluxed overnight in 4.9 liters of ethanol. The ethanol was stripped off in vacuo and the residue was taken up in 4 liters of methylene chloride. The solution was washed once with water and twice with saturated sodium hydrogen-carbonate solution and dried using sodium sulphate. After distilling off the methylene chloride, the residue was recrystallized from 6 liters of hot cyclohexane. After drying, 1018 g of colorless crystals resulted having a purity of 98.6% according to HPLC.

Melting point: 106° C.

TLC: R_(f)=0.2 (toluene/ethyl acetate 4:1)

EXAMPLE XVI

2-Cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 1H-quinolin-5-one

984 g of 3-amino-3-cyclopentyl-1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)propenone, 714 g of dimedone, 647.8 g of p-fluorobenzaldehyde and 139.3 ml of trifluoroacetic acid were refluxed in 15 liters of diisopropyl ether for 5 hours. After cooling, the precipitated crystals were filtered off with suction, washed with diisopropyl ether and dried. 843 g resulted, having a purity according to HPLC of 98.9%.

Melting point: 117° C.

TLC: R_(f)=0.2 (toluene/ethyl acetate 4:1)

Preparation Examples Example 1

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3- [fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ol (dia A/dia B mixture)

10 ml of 3 molar hydrochloric acid are added to 680 mg (1.177 mmol) of the compound from Example VIII, dissolved in 30 ml of methanol and 15 ml of THF, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction solution is stirred into 100 ml of saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, which is covered with a layer of 100 ml of ethyl acetate. The organic phase is separated off, and the aqueous phase is extracted a further two times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are washed once with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is chromatographed on 50 g of silica gel 60 using toluene and toluene/EA (8:2) successively.

Yield: 240 mg (44.2% of theory)

R_(f)=0.19 (toluene/EA 9:1)

Example 2

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ol (dia A)

Analogously to Example 1, 223 mg (0.387 mmol) of the compound from Example IX in 9 ml of methanol and 9 ml of THF are stirred overnight at room temperature with 3 ml of 3 molar hydrochloric acid. The chromatography of the crude product is carried out on 40 ml of silica gel 60, which has previously been equilibrated with cyclohexane and then eluted using cyclohexane with addition of THF at a gradient of 10 to 20%.

Yield: 167 mg (93.3% of theory)

R_(f)=0.43 (Cy/THF 8:2)

Example 3

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ol (dia B)

Analogously to Example 1, 236 mg (0.410 mmol) of the compound from Example X in 9 ml of methanol and 9 ml of THF are stirred overnight at room temperature with 3 ml of 3 molar hydrochloric acid. The chromatography of the crude product is carried out on 40 ml of silica gel 60, which has previously been equilibrated with cyclohexane, using cyclohexane with addition of THF at a gradient of 10 to 20%.

Yield: 182 mg (98.9% of theory)

R_(f)=0.41 (Cy/THF 8:1)

Example 4 and Example 5

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ol (enantiomer I and II)

82 mg of the compound dia B from Example 3 are dissolved in a mixture of 8 ml of n-heptane and 2-propanol (9:1) and separated on a preparative HPLC column (250×20 mm; packed with Chiralcel OD; 20 μm). The eluent used is a mixture of n-heptane (LiChrosolv) and 2-propanol p.a. (98:2). A total of 20 injections of 0.4 ml in each case are carried out at a temperature of 40° C., a run time of 30 min and a flow rate of 7.0 ml/min (detection at 230 nm). 9 Fractions are obtained, which are differentiated according to analytical HPLC checking into a front (enantiomer I; retention: 6.13 min) and a back peak (enantiomer II; retention: 8.10 min) and isolated. The back fraction (retention: 8.10 min) is rechromatographed on the Chiracel OD column by means of n-heptane/2-propanol.

Yield of enantiomer I: 37 mg (45.1% of theory)

Yield of enantiomer II: 32 mg (39.6% of theory)

Analytical HPLC:

Column: 250×4.6 mm (Chiralcel OD-H; 5 μm)

Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min

Eluent: 98% n-heptane (LiChrosolv), 2% 2-propanol p.a.

Temperature: 40° C.

Loading volume: 10 μl

Detection: 220 nm

Example 6

8-Butyl -4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ol

180 mg (0.28 mmol) of the compound from Example XII are stirred at room temperature for 16 hours in a solution of 16.8 ml of THF and 2.8 ml of 3 molar hydrochloric acid. The mixture is then stirred into 70 ml of saturated sodium hydrogen-carbonate solution and diluted with 20 ml of toluene. The organic phase is separated off, washed with water, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is eluted on 25 g of silica gel 60 using cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 9:1.

Yield: 44 mg (30% of theory)

R_(f)=0.20 (Cy/EA 9:1)

Example 7

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3- [fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5-one

11.16 g (109.2 mmol) of neutral alumina and 23.54 g of pyridinium chlorochromate are stirred in portions with vigorous stirring into a solution of 16 g (36.4 mmol) of the compound from Example 2 in 655 ml of dichloromethane. After 1 hour, 140 g of silica gel 60 are added and the solid is filtered off with suction. The eluate is concentrated and dried.

Yield: 10.5 g (70% of theory)

R_(f)=0.55 (Cy/EA 6:4)

Example 8

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5-one

0.88 ml (1.4 mmol) of 1.6 molar n-butyllithium solution in n-hexane and 0.20 ml of diisopropylamine are stirred at −70° C. under argon into 4 ml of absolute THF and the mixture is stirred at −50° C. for 1 hour. A solution of the compound from Example 7 (460 mg, 1 mmol) is added dropwise to this solution at −50° C. and it is stirred for 1 hour further. Subsequently, a solution of 335 mg (1.4 mmol) of trifluoromethylbenzyl bromide in 1 ml of absolute THF is added dropwise and after 1 hour at −50° C. the mixture is hydrolysed with water. For working up, a mixture of 5% strength sodium chloride solution and toluene is stirred in, the phases are separated, the aqueous phase is reextracted and the combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is eluted on 90 g of silica gel 60 using cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 9:1.

Yield: 443 mg (72% of theory)

R_(f)=0.23 (Cy/EA 9:1)

Example 9

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-2-isopropyl-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ol

0.48 ml of a 1 molar diisobutylaluminium hydride solution (DIBAL-H) in toluene is added dropwise at −70° C. to a solution of 100 mg (0.32 mmol) of the compound from Example 8 in 1.6 ml of toluene. After 2 hours, the mixture is treated with 5 ml of 20% strength sodium potassium tartrate solution and stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hours. The organic phase is separated off, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is eluted on silica gel 60 using cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 85:15.

Yield: 58 mg (59% of theory)

R_(f)=0.23 (Cy/EA 85:15)

Ex. No. Structure Isomer R_(f) value 10

diastereomer 1 0.28/Cy:EA (6:4) 11

0.33/Cy:EA (6:4) 12

0.48/Cy:EA (6:4) 13

diastereomer 2 0.27/Cy:EA (6:49) 14

diastereomer 1 0.29/Cy:EA (6:4) 15

diastereomer 2 0.23/Cy:EA (6:4) 16

0.18/Cy:EA (8:2) 17

0.12/Cy:EA (8:2) 18

0.23/Cy:EA (8:2) 19

0.12/Cy:EA (8:2) 20

diastereomer 1 0.27/Tol:EA (98:2) 21

diastereomer 2 + 1 63:37 0.23/Tol:EA (98.2) 22

0.13/Cy:EA (8:2) 23

0.11 + 0.18 Cy:EA (9:1) 24

0.19/PE:EA (7:3) 25

0.22/PE:EA (8:2) 26

0.22/PE:EA (8:2) 27

Isomer I 0.07 Cy:THF (9:1) 28

Isomer II 0.44 Cy:THF (8:2) 29

Isomer I 0.31 Cy:THF (8:2) 30

Isomer II 0.39 Cy:THF (8:2) 31

Isomer I 0.13 Cy:THF (8:2) 32

Isomer II 0.21 Cy:THF (8:2) 33

Isomer I 0.16 Cy:THF (9:1) 34

Isomer II 0.21 Cy:THF (9:1) 35

Isomer I 0.2 Cy:THF (8:2) 36

Isomer II 0.33 Cy:THF (8:2) 37

Isomer I from Ex. No. 28 chiralcel 250 × 2:8.29 (n-heptane/1% EtOH) 38

Isomer II from Ex. No. 28 chiralcel 250 × 2:10.98 (n-heptane/1% EtOH) 39

0.18 PE:EA (8:2) 40

0.2 PE:EA (8:2) 41

0.19 PE:EA (8.2) 42

Isomer II 0.45 Cy:THF (8:2) 43

Isomer Ia from Ex. No. 27 chiralcel 250 × 2:7.88 (n-heptane/1% EtOH) 44

Isomer Ib from Ex. No. 27 chiralcel 250 × 2:12.0 (n-heptane/1% EtOH) 45

Isomer I/ II-mixture 0.45/0.38 Cy/THF (8:2) 46

Isomer I 0.22 Cy:THF (8:2) 47

Isomer II 0.18 Cy:THF (8:2) 48

0.20 Tol:EA (9:1) 49

0.43 Cy:EA (8:2) 50

0.34 Tol:EE (9:1) 51

Isomer 1 from Ex. No. 33 chiralpak AD 250 × 4.6:7.29 (n-heptane/2-Propanol = 95:5) 52

Isomer II from Ex. No. 33 chiralpak AD 250 × 4.6:9.77 (n-heptane/2-Propanol = 95:5) 53

0.18 PE:EA (6:1) 54

diastereomer 1 0.26 Cy:EA (18:1) 55

diastereomer 2 0.13 Cy:EA (18:1) 56

Isomer mixture (4 isomers) 0.39 Tol:EA (9:1) 57

Isomer mixture (8 isomers) 0.38 Tol:EA (9:1) 58

diastereomer 1 0.41 PE:EA (4:1) 59

diastereomer 2 0.50 PE:EA (4:19) 60

0.166 PE:EA (8:2) 61

0.15 PE:EA (8:2) 62

Isomer II 0.42 Tol:EA (9:1) 63

Isomer I 0.58 Tol:EA (9:1) 64

Isomer Ia 0.47 Tol:EA (9:1) 65

Isomer mixture 0.44 Tol:EA (9:1) 66

Isomer IIa 0.37 Tol:EA (9:1) 67

Isomer mixture 0.51 Tol:EA (9:1) 68

Isomer I 0.52 Toluene 69

Isomer II 0.38 Toluene 70

Isomer Ib 0.42 Tol:EA (9:1) 71

Mixture from 8 isomers 0.47 and 0.53 Toluene 72

Isomer IIb 0.42 Tol:EA (9:1) 73

Isomer I 0.41 Tol:EA (9:1) 74

Isomer II 0.34 Tol:EA (9:1) 75

Isomer III 0.52 Tol:EA (9:1) 76

Isomer IV 0.54 Tol:EA (9:1) 77

0.2 PE:EA (6:1) 78

Isomer I 0.6 Tol:EA (9:1) 79

Isomer mixture 0.59 Cy:THF (8:2)) 80

Isomer I 0.18 Cy:THF (9:1) 81

Isomer I 0.29 EA:PE (1:5) 82

Isomer II 0.29 EA:PE (1:5) 83

Isomer I 0.38 EA:PE (1:5) 84

Isomer II 0.38 EA:PE (1:5) 85

Isomer I 0.25 EA:PE (1:5) 86

Isomer II 0.25 EA:PE (1:5) 87

Isomer II 0.29 Cy:EA (5:1) 88

Isomer IVb Chiralpak AD 10 μm: 12.34 (97% n-Heptane/Ethanol = 97:3) 89

Isomer I 0.55 Tol:EA (9:1) 90

Isomer II 0.55 Tol:EA (9:1) 91

Isomer II 0.33 Cy:THF (9:1) 92

Isomer I 0.60 Cy:THF (9:1) 93

Isomer IIIa Gromchiral AD 10 μm: 6.33 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (98:2) 94

Isomer IIIb Gromchiral AD 10 μm: 6.33 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (98:2) 95

Isomer Ia Gromchiral AD 10 μm: 10.49 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (98:2) 96

Isomer Ib Gromchiral AD 10 μm: 6.02 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (98:2) 97

Isomer IVa chiralpak AD 10 μm: 10.35 n-Heptane:EtOH (97:3) 98

Isomer I 0.25 Cy:EA (5:1) 99

Isomer II 0.23 Cy:EA (5:1) 100

from Ex. No. 73 0.43 Tol:EA (9:1) 101

Isomer I 0.58 Tol/EA (9:1) 102

from Ex. No. 76 0.36 Tol. EA (9:1) 103

Isomer IIa from Ex. No. 74 Daicel chiralpak AD 10 μm: 8.86 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (97:3) 104

Isomer IIb from Ex. No. 74 Daicel chiralpak AD 10 μm: 11.54 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (97:3) 105

Isomer I + II 0.38/0.40 Cy:EA (5:1) 106

Isomer I 0.27 Cy:EA (5:1) 107

Isomer II 0.22 Cy:EA (5:1) 108

Isomer IIa 0.16 Toluol 109

Isomer III 0.44 Toluol 110

Isomer I from Ex. No. 74 0.54 Tol:EA (9:1) 111

Isomer II from Ex. No. 74 0.48 Tol:EA (9:1) 112

Isomer IV from Ex. No. 76 0.47 Tol:EA (9:1) 113

Isomer I 0.38 Tol:EA (9:1) 114

Isomer II from Ex. No. 75 0.33 Tol:EA (9:1) 115

Isomer II 0.48 Tol:EA (9:1) 116

Isomer III 0.5 Tol EA (9:1) 117

Isomer IV 0.5 Tol:EA (9:1) 118

Isomer II from Ex. No. 74 0.54 Tol:EA (9:1) 119

Isomer mixture from Ex. No. 75 0.452/0.428 Tol:EA (9:1) 120

Isomer IIb 0.13 Toluol 121

Isomer IV 0.13 Toluol 122

Isomer III 0.38 Toluol 123

diastereomer 2 0.42 Cy:EA (8:2) 124

diastereomer 2 125

Isomer I from Ex. No. 75 0.46 Tol:EA (9:1) 126

Isomer II from Ex. No. 75 0.33 Tol:EA (9:1) 127

Isomer I 0.08 Cy:EA (5:1) 128

Isomer II 0.24 Cy:EA (2:1) 129

Isomer I 0.53 Cy:EA (2:1) 130

Isomer II 0.50 Cy:EA (2:1) 131

diastereomer 2 0.16 Cy:EA (9:1) 132

0.14 Cy:EA (2:1) 133

from Isomer II (Ex. No. 91) 0.4 Tol:EA (9.5:0.5) 134

Isomer I 0.78 Toluene 135

Isomer I 0.32 Toluene 136

Isomer II 0.63 Toluene 137

Isomer mixture 0.66/0.76 Toluene 138

Isomer II 0.29 Toluene 139

corresponds to No. 133 0.48 Tol:EA (9.5:0.5) 140

0.49 Cy:EA (5:1) 141

0.20 Cy:EA (6:4) 142

0.18 Cy:EA (6:4) 143

0.15 Cy:EA (9:1) 144

0.29 Cy:EA (8.5:1) 145

0.17 Cy:EA (8.5:1) 146

0.20 Cy:EA (9:1) 147

0.13 Cy:EA (9:1) 148

0.32 Cy:EA (6:4) 149

0.22 Cy:EA (9:1) 150

0.14 Cy:EA (9:1) 151

0.12 Cy:EA (9:1) 152

Isomer I + II 0.05/0.10 Cy:EA (10:1) 153

Racemate 0.36 Cy:EA (6:4) 154

Racemate 0.13 Cy:EA (6:4) 155

0.55 Cy:EA (5:1) 156

Isomer I 0.21 Cy:EA (10:1) 157

Isomer II (+10% Isomer I) 0.29 Cy:EA (10:1) 158

0.32 Cy:EA (5:1) 159

Racemate 0.23 Cy:EA (7:3) 160

Racemate 0.16 Cy:EA (7:3) 161

Isomer I 0.22 CH₂Cl₂:PE (7:3) 162

Isomer II 0.13 CH₂Cl₂:PE (7:3) 163

Isomer I 0.38 CH₂Cl₂ 164

Isomer II 0.22 PE:EA (85:15) 165

Enantiomer I from Ex. No. 91 0.46 Tol:EA (9.5:0.5) 166

Enantiomer II from Ex. No. 91 0.65 Tol:EA (9:1) 167

Isomer I Daicel chiralpak AD 10 μm: 11.52 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (98:2) 168

Isomer II Daicel chiralpak AD 10 μm: 12.60 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (98:2) 169

Diastereomer 1 0.1 Cy:EA (10:1) 170

Diastereomer 2 0.1 Cy:EA (10:1) 171

Diastereomer 2 0.2 Cy:EA (9:1) 172

Diastereomer 1 0.2 Cy:EA (9:1) 173

0.69 EA:PE (1:1) 174

0.35 Cy:EA (5:1) 175

0.08 Cy:EA (5:1) 176

0.50 Tol:EA (9:1) 177

diastereomer mixture 0.4 Tol:EA (9:1) 178

Isomer I 0.5 Tol:EA (9:1) 179

Isomer II 0.34 Tol:EA (9:1) 180

Isomer III 0.52 Tol:EA (9:1) 181

Isomer IV 0.54 Tol:EA (9:1) 182

0.45 Tol:EA (9:1) 183

Isomer I 0.59 Tol:EA (9:1) 184

Isomer II 0.57 Tol:EA (9:1) 185

0.40 EA:PE (1:5) 186

0.53 Tol:EA (9:1) 187

diastereomer 0.53 Cy:EA (9:1) 188

diastereomer 2 0.18 Cy:EA (0.18) 189

diastereomer 1 0.58 Tol:EA (9:1) 190

diastereomer 2 0.57 Tol:EA (9:1) 191

diastereomer 1 0.67 Tol:EA (9:1) 192

diastereomer 2 0.59 Tol:EA (9:1) 193

diastereomer 1 0.23 Cy:EA (5:1) 194

diastereomer 1 0.30 Cy:EE (5:1) 195

2 diastereomere RS (2:1) 0.50 EA:PE (1:5) 196

Isomer I 0.17 CH₂Cl₂:PE (8:2) 197

Isomer II 0.29 CH₂Cl₂:PE (8:2) 198

0.15 CH₂Cl₂:PE (8:2) 199

Isomer I 0.22 PE:EA (8:2) 200

Isomer II 0.25 PE:EE (8:2) 201

Isomer I 0.29 PE:EA (85:15) 202

Isomer II 0.32 PE:EA (85:15) 203

Isomer I 0.37 CH₂Cl₂:EA (95:5) 204

Enantiomer I of Ex. No. 102 Merck (R,R) Wheel KO 1.5 μm: 10.76 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (97.5:2.5) 205

Enantiomer II of Ex. No. 102 Merck (R,R) Wheel KO 1.5 μm: 8.98 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (97.5:2.5) 206

diastereomer 2 0.005 Cy:EA (10:1) 207

diastereomer 4 0.66 Tol:EA (9:1) 208

diastereomer mixture I 0.55 Tol:EA (9:1) 209

diastereomers mixture II 0.60 Tol:EA (9:1) 210

Isomer A 0.23 PE:EA (1:1) 211

Isomer B 0.23 PE:EA (1:1) 212

Isomer I 0.29 EA:PE (1:2) 213

Isomer II 0.48 EA:PE (1:2) 214

Isomer I 0.38 EA:PE (1:5) 215

Isomer II 0.17 EA:PE (1:5) 216

0.10 EA:PE (1:10) 217

diastereomer 2 0.17 Cy:EA (9:1) 218

diastereomer 2 0.12 Cy:EA (9:1) 219

Isomer I 0.36 Tol:EA (8:2) 220

Isomer II 0.303 Tol:EA (9:1) 221

diastereomer mixture 0.23 Cy:EA (9:1) 222

Isomer I 0.27 PE:EA (7:3) 223

Isomer I 0.10 PE:EA (8:2) 224

Isomer II 0.28 PE:EA (7:3) 225

Isomer I 0.33 PE:EA (7:3) 226

Isomer II 0.31 PE:EA (7:3) 227

0.22 CH₂Cl₂ 228

Isomer I 0.18 EA:PE (1:10) 229

Isomer II 0.26 EA:PE (1:10) 230

0.19 PE:EA (1:1) 231

diastereomer 1 0.2 Tol:EA (9:1) 232

diastereomer 2 0.121 Toluene 233

diastereomer 2 0.18 EA:MeOH (8:2) 234

diastereomer 1 0.26 Cy:EA (9:1) 235

diastereomer 2 0.22 Cy:EA (9:1) 236

0.2 Cy:EA (6:4) 237

diastereomer 2 238

Isomer mixture MS:m/z 514 (M + H) 239

Isomer mixture MS:m/z 530 (M + H) 240

Isomer I 0.70 Tol:EA (9:1) 241

Isomer II 0.23 Tol:EA (9:1) 242

Isomer mixture 0.39 Tol:EA (9:1) 243

Isomer I 0.37 Tol:EA (9:1) 244

Isomer II 0.48 Tol:EA (9:1) 245

diastereomer mixture 0.5/0.56 Tol:EA (9:1) 246

Isomer I 0.31 Tol:EA (9:1) 247

Isomer II 0.12 Tol:EA (9:1) 248

Isomer mixture 0.16 Tol:EA (9:1) 249

Isomer I1 0.26 PE:EA (9:1) 250

Isomer I2 0.19 PE:EA (9:1) 251

Isomer I1 0.23 PE:EA (9:1) 252

Isomer II2 0.17 PE:EA (9:1) 253

Isomer I, racemic 0.20 PE:EA (4:1) 254

racemic mixture 0.36 PE:EA (9:1) 255

Isomer II 0.68 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH (8:1) 256

Isomer I 0.32 PE:EA (9:1) 257

Isomer II 0.29 PE:EA (9:1) 258

0.22 PE:EA (9:1) 259

Isomer II 0.15 PE:EA (4:1) 260

Isomer II 043 PE:EA (9:1) 261

diastereomer 1 0.44 PE:EA (7:3) 262

diastereomer 2 0.37 PE:EA (7:3) 263

0.15 PE:EA (1:1) 264

0.16 PE:EA (1:1) 265

0.44 PE:EA (3:2) 266

0.48 PE:EA (3:2) 267

Isomer I 0.57 Tol:EA (9:1) 268

Isomer II 0.53 Tol:EA (9:1) 269

Isomer I 0.35 Cyc/THF (9:1) 270

Isomer II 0.30 Cyc:THF (9:1) 271

Enantiomer I 0.52 Tol:EA (9:1) 272

Enantiomer II 0.51 Tol:EA (9:1) 273

274

diastereomer 1 275

diastereomer 2 276

277

diastereomer 2 0.37 PE:EA (10:1) 278

Isomer I 0.35 CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (20:1) 279

Isomer I 0.25 PE/EA (4:1) 280

Enantiomer I from Isomer I of Ex. No. 78 0.586 Tol/EA (9:1) 281

Enantiomer II from Isomer I of Ex. No. 78 0.55 Tol/EA (9:1) 282

Isomer II 0.23 PE/EA (4:1) 283

IIa 0.17 PE/EA (4:1) 284

IIb 0.11 PE/EA (4:1) 285

Isomer II 0.21 PE/EA (9:1) 286

diastereomer 1 0.16 Tol/EA (9:1) 287

diastereomer 2 0.4 Tol/EA (9:1) 288

diastereomer 1 0.59 Tol/EA (9:1) 289

diastereomer 2 0.67 Tol/EA (9:1) 290

diastereomer 1 0.22 (9:1) 291

diastereomer 2 0.15 Cyclohex/THF (9:1) 292

diastereomer B-2 0.18 PE/EA (9:1) 293

diastereomer B-1 0.25 PE/EA (9:1) 294

diastereomer A-½ 0.26 PE/EA (9:1) 295

diastereomer 1 0.31 Cyclohex/THF (9:1) 296

diastereomer 2 0.23 Cyclohex/THF (9:1) 297

diastereomer 1 0.355 Cyclohex/THF (9:1) 298

diastereomer 2 0.29 Cyclohex/THF (9:1) 299

Enantiomer I from Ex. No. 270 0.66 Toluol/EA (9:1) 300

Enantiomer II from Ex. No. 270 0.60 Tol/EA (9:1) 301

diastereomer 1 0.33 Cy/EA (8:2) 302

diastereomer 2 0.28 Cy/EA (8:2) 303

diastereomer 2 0.25 EA 304

diastereomer 3 0.2 Cy/EA (8:2) 305

diastereomer mixture 0.37 Cy/EA (8:2) 306

Racemate 0.25 Cy/EA (8:2) 307

diastereomer 2 0.2 Cy/EA (6:4) 308

diastereomer 2 0.56 Cyclohex/THF (7:3) 309

diastereomer 1 0.43 Cyclohex/THF (7:3) 310

diastereomer 1 0.485 Cyclohex/THF (7:3) 311

diastereomer 2 0.60 Cyclohex/THF (7:3) 312

Enantiomer I from Ex. No. 296 0.29 Cyclohex/THF (7:3) 313

Enantiomer II from Ex. No. 296 0.25 Cyclohex/THF (9:1)) 314

diastereomer 1 0.57 Tol/EA (9:1) 315

diastereomer 2 0.59 Tol/EA (9:1) 316

Enantiomer I from Ex. No. 289 0.75 Tol/EA (9:1) 317

Enantiomer II from Ex. No. 289 0.60 Tol/EA (9:1) 318

Enantiomer I from Ex. No. 298 0.33 Cyclohex/THF (9:1) 319

Enantiomer II from Ex. No. 298 0.29 Cyclohex/THF (9:1) 320

Isomer from Ex. No. 295 0.45 Tol/EA (9:1) 321

Isomer from Ex. No. 297 0.53 Tol/EA (9:1) 322

diastereomer A Lichrosorb Si60:4.89 n-heptane:Ethanol (99.4/0.6) 323

diastereomer B Lichrosorb Si60:5.106 n-Heptane:Ethanol (99.4/0.6) 324

diastereomer A Lichrosorb Si60:5.877 n-Heptane:Ethanol (99.7/0.3) 325

diastereomer B Lichrosorb n-Heptane:Ethanol (99.7/0.3) 326

diastereomer A 0.15 Tol/EA (9:1) 327

diastereomer B 0.35 Cyclohex/THF (7:3) 328

Enantiomer B1 Chiral AD:8.096 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (98.5/1.5) 329

Enantiomer B2 Chiral AD:10.037 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (98.5/1.5) 330

diastereomer A Lichrosorb Si60:6.780 n-Heptane:Diethyl ether (90/10) 331

diastereomer B Lichrosorb Si100:12.655 n-Heptane:Ethanol (97:3) 332

Racemate 0.58 Tol/EA (9:1) 333

R,S-Isomer 0.34 Tol/EA (9:1) 334

R,S-Isomer 0.42 Tol/EA (9:1) 335

Isomer 1 0.56 Tol/EA (9:1) 336

Isomer 2 0.6 Tol/EA (9:1) 337

0.42 Tol/EA (9:1) 338

Mixture of diastereomeres RS 0.36 Cy/EA 8:2 339

Mixture of diastereomers RS 0.45 CY/EA 8:2 340

0.57 Tol/EA (9:1) 341

Enantiomer 1 0.33 Cyclohex/EA (9:1) 342

Enantiomer 2 0.36 Cyclohex/EA (9:1) 343

Isomerengemisch 0.69 Tol/EA (9:1) 344

345

Mixture of diastereomers RS 0.20 Cy/EA (9:1) 346

Mixture of diastereomers RS 0.38 Cy:EA (8:2) 347

Mixture of diastereomers RS 0.18 Cy/EA (9:1) 348

Mixture of diastereomers RS 0.19 Cy/EA (9:1) 349

diastereomer A Lichrosorb Si60:4.641 n-Heptane:ethyl ether (80/20) 350

diastereomer B Lichrosorb Si60:5.363 n-Heptane:Ethyl ether (80/20) 351

Enantiomer A Chiralpak AD:15.76 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (99/1) 352

Enantiomer B Chiralpak AD:25.57 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (99/1) 353

0.17 EA:EtOH (9:1) 354

0.18 EA:EtOH (9:1) 355

0.39 Cy:EA (8:2) 356

0.42 Cy:EA (8:2) 357

0.94 Cyclohex/EA (8.5:1.5) 358

diastereomer B Lichrosorb Si60:1.737 n-Heptane:Ethanol (98.5/1.5) 359

diastereomer A Lichrosorb Si60:2.443 n-Heptane:Ethanol (98:2) 360

Enantiomer 1 Chiracel AD:6.212 n-Heptane:2-propanol (98/2) 361

Enantiomer 2 Chiracel AD:7.062 n-Heptane:2-Propanol (98/2) 362

Racemate Gromsil ODSB:6.232 0.01 m H₃PO₄ 10% Acetonitrile (Gradient) 363

0.42 Cy:EA (8:2) 364

0.25 CH₂Cl₂ 365

Lichrosorb Si60:7.00 n-Heptane:diethyl ether (85/15) 366

Lichrosorb Si60:6.858 n-heptane:Diethyl ether (85/15)

Example 367

2-Cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-quinolin-5-one

843 g of 2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-quinolin-5-one were oxidized to the pyridine at room temperature in the course of one hour using 7021.3 g of manganese dioxide (activated) in 28 liters of methylene chloride. After separating off the manganese dioxide and distilling off the methylene chloride, the residue was recrystallized from petroleum ether. 618 g of crystals having a purity of 99.3% according to HPLC resulted. By chromatography on silica gel, it was possible to obtain from the mother liquor of the crystallization, using toluene/ethyl acetate 4:1, a further 168 g of the same quality.

TLC: R_(f)=0.8 (toluene/ethyl acetate 4:1)

Melting point: 186° C.

Example 368

[2-Cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methanone

625.3 g of 2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-quinolin-5-one were reduced at 0° to −5° C. in 6 liters of tetrahydrofuran using 56.4 g of IR,2S-aminoindanol and 800 g of boranediethylaniline complex. Quenching of the reaction was carried out after approximately 20 hours using 500 ml of 1,2-ethanediol. The tetrahydrofuran was distilled off, the resulting oil was taken up in ethyl acetate and the organic phase was dried and concentrated after washing with 2 N hydrochloric acid and saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The residue was recrystallized hot from cyclohexane. A total of 574 g of colorless crystals having a purity of 99.4% according to HPLC (e.e. 97.4%) resulted.

Melting point: 114° C.

TLC: R_(f)=0.2 (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1)

Example 369

[5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methanone

a) 574 g of [2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methanone and 522 ml of lutidine dissolved in 5.4 liters of toluene were reacted at −5° C. to room temperature with a mixture of 593.2 g of tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulphonate and 1 liter of toluene in the course of 2.5 hours. The reaction was quenched with 10% strength aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and the organic phase was washed with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and dried. After distilling off the solvent in vacuo, the residue was recrystallized from ethanol. A total of 633 g of colorless crystals having a purity of 99.2% according to HPLC (e.e. 98.7%) resulted.

Melting point: 108° C.

TLC: R_(f)=0.8 (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1)

b) 320 mg of manganese dioxide (Merck Order No. 805958, 90%, precipitated, active) were added in portions to 50 mg of syn- and 50 mg of anti-[5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy-2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7, 8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]-(4-trifluoro-methylphenyl)-methanol dissolved in 2 ml of dichloromethane and the mixture was stirred for 7 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was applied directly to a flash silica gel column. Chromatography using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 15:1 afforded 93 mg of the product.

TLC: R_(f)=0.6 (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1)

Example 370

[5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methanol

16.5 ml of sodium bis-(2-methoxyethoxy)-dihydroaluminate solution (65% strength in toluene) were added dropwise to 9 g of [5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-cyclopentyl-4(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methanone dissolved in 60 ml of toluene. The reaction was quenched after 3.5 hours using methanol, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic phase was washed with potassium sodium tartrate solution and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and dried. After distilling off the solvent in vacuo, the residue was recrystallized from petroleum ether. A total of 4.8 g of colorless crystals having a purity of 99.4% according to HPLC (e.e. 99.0%) resulted. By chromatography on silica gel, it was possible to obtain from the mother liquor of the crystallization, using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1, a further 1.8 g of the same quality.

Melting point: 142° C.

TLC: R_(f)=0.5 (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1)

Example 371

5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methyl]-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

1.46 g of diethylaminosulphur trifluoride dissolved in 10 ml of toluene were added dropwise at −5° C. to 3.8 g of [5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7, 8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methanol dissolved in 37.8 ml of toluene. The reaction was quenched after 30 minutes using saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and the organic phase was washed again using saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and dried. After distilling off the solvent in vacuo, the residue was recrystallized from ethanol. A total of 3.33 g of colorless crystals having a purity of 99.4% according to HPLC resulted. By chromatography on silica gel, it was possible from the mother liquor of the crystallization, using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 10:1, to obtain a further 0.26 g of the same quality.

Melting point: 128° C.

TLC: R_(f)=0.8 (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1)

Example 372

[-5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoro-methylphenyl)-methyl]-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

2 g of [5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methanol and 2.14 ml of N,N-diethyl-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropylamine were stirred at 60° C. under argon in 25 ml of toluene for 18 hours. Working up was carried out by pouring into saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, separating off the organic phase, fresh extraction with saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, drying and concentration in vacuo. The residue was recrystallized from hot ethanol and after drying yielded 1.3 g of colorless crystals having a purity of 99.4% according to HPLC. By chromatography on silica gel, it was possible from the mother liquor of the crystallization, using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 10:1, to obtain a further 0.3 g of the same quality.

Example 373

2-Cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methyl]-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ol

110 g of 5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-cyclopentyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methyl]-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline were stirred at 40° C. for 2 hours in a mixture of 913 ml of 5 N hydrochloric acid, 1364 ml of methanol and 902 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Working up was carried out by pouring into saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were dried after fresh washing with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. After distilling off the solvent in vacuo, the residue was recrystallized from cyclohexane. After drying in an oil-pump vacuum, a total of 71.1 g of colorless crystals having a purity of 99.4% according to HPLC (e.e. 99.5%) resulted. By chromatography on silica gel, it was possible from the mother liquor of the crystallization, using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 7:1, to obtain a further 10.8 g of the same quality.

Melting point: 140° C.

TLC: R_(f)=0.2 (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1)

Example 374

S,S-Enantiomer (EN B I)

(5′S)-2′-(1-methyl-ethyl)-4′-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3′-[(S)-fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-5′,8′-dihydro-6′H-spiro [cyclobutane-1,7′-quinolin]-5′-ol

C₂₉H₂₈F₅NO (501.5)

Example 375

R,R-Enantiomer (EN B II)

(5′R)-2′-(1-methyl-ethyl)-4′-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3′-[(R)-fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-5′,8′-dihydro-6′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,7′-quinolin]-5′-ol

C₂₉H₂₈F₅NO (501.5)

Example 376

R,S-Enantiomer (EN A I)

(5′S)-2′-(1-methyl-ethyl)-4′-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3′-[(R)-fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-5′,8′-dihydro-6′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,7′-quinolin]-5′-ol

C₂₉H₂₈F₅NO (501.5)

Example 377

S,R-Enantiomer (EN A II)

(5′R)-2′-(1-methyl-ethyl)4′-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3′-[(S)-fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-5′,8′-dihydro-6′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,7′-quinolin]-5′-ol

C₂₉H₂₈F₅NO (501.5)

Examples 374/375

(Preparative method for the 5,5- and R,R-isomer)

2.23 g (3.62 mmol) of 5′S-(tert.butyl-dimethylsilanyloxy-2′-(1-methyl-ethyl)-4′(4-fluorophenyl)-3′-[(S)-fluoro(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-methyl]-5′,8′-dihydro-6′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,7′-quinoline] (the Dia B isomer, can be synthesized in analogy to examples I to X starting from 5-Cyclobutylspirocyclohexane-1,3-dione) are stirred—dissolved in 26.5 ml of THF and 36.5 ml of methanol—analogously to Example 1, with 26.5 ml of 6-molar hydrochloric acid for 90 minutes at 60° C. Then 100 ml of a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 200 ml of ethyl acetate are added to the reaction solution, the organic phase is separated off and the aqueous phase is extracted two more times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated by evaporation.

Yield: 1.785 g (the racemate)

MS (DCI, NH₃): 502 [M+H]+; 100%

The separation of the racemate is carried out in two steel columns (each measuring 300×30 mm) connected in series and packed with a chiral silica gel phase (CSP, see Agnew. Chem. 103 (1991), 1685).

The mobile phase used is a mixture of n-heptane and tetrahydrofuran (9/1; vol/vol) at a flow rate of 25 ml/min. The detection is carried out by UV photometry at 280 nm. 60 mg of product were applied per cycle time of 20 minutes. The S,S enantiomer is eluted first of all, followed by the R,R-enantiomer (Example 375).

The two compounds are then isolated by concentrating the corresponding eluates by evaporation.

For ultrapurification 670 mg of the S,S-enantiomer are chromatographed on 500 ml of silica gel 60 (0.04-0.063 mm) with cyclohexane with the addition of ethyl acetate by the gradient mode. Yield: 591 mg

The corresponding R,R-enantiomer is obtained in a yield of 700 mg.

Analytical data:

Example 374

HPLC:rt-10.08, Chiracel AD (250×2 mm) n-heptane 98%/2-propanole 2% flow rate: 0.2 ml/min; 200 nm

Example 375

HPLC:rt-15.14, Chiracel AD (250×2mm) n-heptane 98%/2-propanole 2% flow rate: 0.2 ml/min; 200 nm Examples 376/377

(R,S- and S/R-isomer)

Examples 376/377 were prepared in analogy to examples 374 and 375. Racemic example 322 was separated into its enantiomers by chromatography on chiral phases. 

What is claimed is:
 1. Cycloalkano-pyridines of the general formula (I)

in which A represents aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted up to 5 times in an identical or different manner by halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, or by straight-chain or branched alkyl, acyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxy each having up to 7 carbon atoms, or by a group of the formula —NR³R⁴, in which R³ and R⁴ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, D represents aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by phenyl, nitro, halogen, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy, or represents a radical of the formula

in which R⁵ and R⁶ and R⁹ independently of one another denote cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or denote aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a 5- to 7-membered, optionally benzo-fused, saturated or unsaturated, mono-, bi- or tricyclic heterocycle having up to 4 heteroatoms from the series S, N and/or O, where the cycles are substituted, if appropriate, in the case of the nitrogen-containing rings also via the N function, up to 5 times in an identical or different manner by halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched acyl, alkyl, alkylthio, alkylalkoxy, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl each having up to 6 carbon atoms, by aryl- or trifluoromethyl-substituted aryl each having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or by an optionally benzo-fused, aromatic 5- to 7-membered heterocycle having up to 3 heteroatoms from the series S, N and/or O, and/or are substituted by a group of the formula —OR¹⁰, —SR¹¹, —SO₂R¹² or —NR¹³R¹⁴, in which R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹² independently of one another denote aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, halogen or by straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, R¹³ and R¹⁴ are identical or different and have the meaning of R³ and R⁴ indicated above, or R⁵ and/or R⁶ denote a radical of the formula

R⁷ denotes hydrogen or halogen and R⁸ denotes hydrogen, halogen, azido, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched alkoxy or alkyl each having up to 6 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula —NR¹⁵R¹⁶, in which R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ are identical or different and have the meaning of R³ and R⁴ indicated above, or R⁷ and R⁸ together form a radical of the formula ═O or ═NR¹⁷, in which R¹⁷ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy or acyl each having up to 6 carbon atoms, L denotes a straight-chain or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain each having up to 8 carbon atoms, each of which is optionally substituted up to 2 times by hydroxyl, T and X are identical or different and denote a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 8 carbon atoms, or T or X denotes a bond, V represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or an —NR¹⁸ group, in which R¹⁸ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl, E represents cycloalkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or represents straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by cycloalkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms or hydroxyl, or represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by halogen or trifluoromethyl, R¹ and R² together form a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 7 carbon atoms, which must be substituted by a carbonyl group and/or by a radical of the formula

in which a and b are identical or different and denote a number 1, 2 or 3, R¹⁹ denotes hydrogen, cycloalkyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched silylalkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy having up to 6 carbon atoms or by phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by halogen, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by phenyl- or tetrazole-substituted phenyl, and alkyl is optionally substituted by a group of the formula —OR²², in which R²² denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 4 carbon atoms or benzyl, or R¹⁹ denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 20 carbon atoms or benzoyl which is optionally substituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro or trifluoromethoxy, or  denotes straight-chain or branched fluoroacyl having up to 8 carbon atoms and 9 fluorine atoms, R²⁰ and R²¹ are identical or different, and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, or R²⁰ and R²¹ together form a 3 to 6-membered carbocycle,  and, if appropriate also geminally, the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted up to 6 times in an identical or different manner by trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, halogen, carboxyl, nitro, azido, cyano, cycloalkyl or cycloalkyloxy each having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, by straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy or alkylthio each having up to 6 carbon atoms or by straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by hydroxyl, benzyloxy, trifluoromethyl, benzoyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy, oxyacyl or carboxyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms and/or phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy,  and/or the carbocycles formed, also geminally, are optionally substituted up to 5 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, benzoyl, thiophenyl or sulphonylbenzyl, which for their part are optionally substituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or nitro,  and/or are optionally substituted by a radical of the formula

in which c denotes a number 1, 2, 3 or 4, d denotes a number 0 or 1, R²³ and R²⁴ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl, which is optionally substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano, phenyl or nitro,  and/or the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted by a spiro-linked radical of the formula

in which W either denotes an oxygen or a sulphur atom, Y and Y′ together form a 2- to 6-membered straight-chain or branched alkylene chain, e denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, f denotes a number 1 or 2, R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, R²⁹, R³⁰ and R³¹ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, halogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 6 carbon atoms, or R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ in each case together form a straight-chain or branched alkyl chain having up to 6 carbon atoms, or R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ in each case together form a radical of the formula

in which W has the meaning indicated above, g denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, R³² and R³³ together form a 3- to 7-membered heterocycle which contains an oxygen or sulphur atom or a group of the formula SO, SO² or —NR³⁴, in which R³⁴ denotes hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,  and their salts and N-oxides, with the exception of 5(6H)-quinolone, 3-benzoyl-7,8-dihydro-2,7,7-trimethyl-4-phenyl.
 2. Cycloalkano-pyridines of the formula according to claim 1 in which A represents naphthyl or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, amino, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 6 carbon atoms, D represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by nitro, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, phenyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy, or  represents a radical of the formula

in which R⁵, R⁶ and R⁹ independently of one another denote cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, or denote phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, tetrazolyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, indolyl, morpholinyl, imidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, phenoxathiin-2-yl, benzoxazolyl, furyl, quinolyl or purin-8-yl, where the cycles are also substituted via the N function, optionally up to 3 times in the case of the nitrogen-containing rings, in an identical or different manner by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched acyl, alkyl, alkylthio, alkylalkoxy, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzoxathiazolyl, or trifluoromethyl-substituted phenyl or phenyl, and/or are substitued by a group of the formula —OR¹⁰, —SR¹¹ or —SO₂R¹², in which R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹² are identical or different and denote phenyl, which for its part is substitued up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, fluorine, chlorine or by straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, R⁵ and/or R⁶ denotes a radical of the formula

R ⁷ denotes hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine and R⁸ denotes hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, azido, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched alkoxy or alkyl having up to 5 carbon atoms in each case or a radical of the formula —NR¹⁵R¹⁶, in which R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, or R⁷ and R⁸ together form a radical of the formula ═O or ═NR¹⁷, in which R¹⁷ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy or acyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms, L denotes a straight-chain or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain each having up to 6 carbon atoms, each of which is optionally substituted up to 2 times by hydroxyl, T and X are identical or different and denote a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 6 carbon atoms, or T or X denotes a bond, V represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or a group of the formula —NR¹⁸, in which R¹⁸ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl, E represents cyclopropyl, -butyl, -pentyl, -hexyl or -heptyl, or represents straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by cyclopropyl, -butyl, -hexyl, -pentyl, -heptyl or by hydroxyl, or represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethyl, R¹ and R² together form a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 6 carbon atoms, which must be substituted by a carboxyl group and/or by a radical of the formula

in which a and b are identical or different and denote a number 1, 2 or 3, R¹⁹ denotes hydrogen, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, straight-chain or branched silylalkyl having up to 7 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy having up to 4 carbon atoms or by phenyl which for its part can be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by phenyl- or tetrazole-substituted phenyl,  and alkyl is optionally substituted by a group of the formula —OR²², in which R²² denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 3 carbon atoms or benzyl, or R¹⁹ denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 18 carbon atoms or benzoyl which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, nitro or trifluoromethoxy, or denotes straight-chain or branched fluoroacyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, R²⁰ and R²¹ are identical or different, and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, or R²⁰ and R²¹ together form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl ring,  and the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted up to 5 times in an identical or different manner, optionally also geminally, by trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, azido, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, cyano, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, by straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy or alkylthio each having up to about 5 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by hydroxyl, benzyloxy, benzoyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy or oxyacyl each having up to 3 carbon atoms, trifluoromethyl and/or phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy,  and/or the carbocycles formed, also geminally, are optionally substituted up to 4 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, benzoyl, thiophenyl  or sulphonylbenzyl, which for their part are optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or nitro,  and/or are optionally substituted by a radical of the formula

in which c denotes a number 1, 2, 3 or 4, d denotes a number 0 or 1, R²³ and R²⁴ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl, which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, phenyl or trifluoromethyl,  and/or the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted by a spiro-linked radical of the formula

in which W denotes either an oxygen or a sulphur atom, Y and Y′ together form a 2- to 5-membered straight-chain or branched alkyl chain, e denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, f denotes a number 1 or 2, R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, R²⁹, R³⁰ and R³¹ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 5 carbon atoms, or R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ in each case together form a straight-chain or branched alkyl chain having up to 5 carbon atoms or R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ in each case together form a radical of the formula

in which W has the meaning indicated above, g denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,  and their salts and N-oxides with the exception of 5(6H)-quinolone, 3-benzoyl-7,8-dihydro-2,7,7-trimethyl-4-phenyl.
 3. Cycloalkano-pyridines of the formula according to claim 1 in which A represents phenyl which is optionally substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 5 carbon atoms, D represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by nitro, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, fluorine, chlorine or bromine or represents a radical of the formula

in which R⁵, R⁶ and R⁹ independently of one another denote cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, or denote phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, tetrazolyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, phenoxathiin-2-yl, indolyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, furyl, quinolyl or purin-8-yl, where the cycles are substituted, optionally up to 3 times, in the case of the nitrogen-containing rings also via the N function in an identical or different manner by fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, trifluoromethoxy, straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkylthio, alkylalkoxy, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzothiazolyl, trifluoromethyl-substituted phenyl or phenyl and/or are substituted by a group of the formula —OR¹⁰, —SR¹¹ or —SO₂R¹², in which R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹² are identical or different and denote phenyl, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, fluorine, chlorine or by straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 3 carbon atoms, or R⁵ and/or R⁶ denotes a radical of the formula

R⁷ denotes hydrogen or fluorine and R⁸ denotes hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, azido, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, trifluoromethoxy, or straight-chain or branched alkoxy or alkyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula —NR¹⁵R¹⁶, in which R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ are identical or different and denote hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 3 carbon atoms, or R⁷ and R⁸ together form a radical of the formula ═O or ═NR¹⁷, in which R¹⁷ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy or acyl each having up to 4 carbon atoms, L denotes a straight-chain or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain each having up to 5 carbon atoms, each of which is optionally substituted up to 2 times by hydroxyl, T and X are identical or different and denote a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 3 carbon atoms, or T or X denotes a bond, V represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or a group of the formula —NR¹⁸, in which R¹⁸ denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 3 carbon atoms, E represents cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl or phenyl, which is optionally substituted by fluorine or trifluoromethyl, or represents straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl, R¹ and R² together form a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 5 carbon atoms, which must be substituted by a carbonyl group and/or a radical of the formula

in which a and b are identical or different and denote a number 1, 2 or 3, R¹⁹ denotes hydrogen, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, straight-chain or branched silylalkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl, straight-chain or branched alkoxy having up to 3 carbon atoms or by phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or by phenyl- or tetrazole-substituted phenyl, and alkyl is optionally substituted by a group of the formula —OR²², in which R²² denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 3 carbon atoms or benzyl, or R¹⁹ denotes straight-chain or branched acyl having up to 15 carbon atoms or benzoyl, which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, nitro or trifluoromethoxy, or denotes straight-chain or branched fluoroacyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, R²⁰ and R²¹ are identical or different, and denote hydrogen, phenyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 3 carbon atoms or R²⁰ and R²¹ together form a cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl ring,  and the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted up to 4 times in an identical or different manner, optionally also geminally, by fluorine, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl, carboxyl, azido, chlorine, bromine, nitro, cyano, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, by straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy or alkylthio each having up to 4 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, which for its part is substituted up to 2 times in an identical or different manner by hydroxyl, benzyloxy, trifluoromethyl, benzoyl, methoxy, oxyacetyl and/or phenyl, which for its part can be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy,  and/or the carbocycles formed, are optionally substituted, also geminally, up to 4 times in an identical or different manner by phenyl, benzoyl, thiophenyl or sulphonylbenzoyl, which for their part are optionally substituted by fluorine, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or nitro,  and/or are optionally substituted by a radical of the formula

in which c denotes a number 1, 2, 3 or 4, d denotes a number 0 or 1, R²³ and R²⁴ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, benzyl, straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine or bromine,  and/or the carbocycles formed are optionally substituted by a spiro-linked radical of the formula

in which W denotes either an oxygen or a sulphur atom, Y and Y′ together form a 2- to 6-membered straight-chain or branched alkyl chain, e denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, f denotes a number 1 or 2, R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, R²⁹, R³⁰ and R³¹ are identical or different and denote hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 4 carbon atoms, or R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ each together form a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain having up to 4 carbon atoms, or R²⁵ and R²⁶ or R²⁷ and R²⁸ each together form a radical of the formula

in which W has the meaning indicated above, g denotes a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7,  and their salts and N-oxides, with the exception of 5(6H)-quinolone, 3-benzoyl-7,8-dihydro-2, 7, 7-trimethyl-4-phenyl.
 4. Cycloalkano-pyridine according to claim 1, which is 2′-(1-methylethyl)-4′-(4-fluorophenyl)-3′[fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-5′,8′-dihydro-6′H-spiro [cyclobutane-1,7′-quinolin]-5′ol of the formula:

or a salt or N-oxide thereof.
 5. Cycloalkano-pyridine according to claim 4, which is (5′S)-2′-(1-methylethyl)-4′-(4-fluorophenyl)-3′[(S)-fluoro-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-5′,8′-dihydro-6′H-spiro [cyclobutane-1,7′-quinolin]-5′ol of the formula:

or a salt or N-oxide thereof.
 6. Process for the preparation of cycloalkano-pyridines according to claim 1, characterized in that [A] if D≠aryl, in compounds of the general formula (II)

in which A, E, R¹ and R² have the meaning indicated above,  the substituent D is synthesized in inert solvents using organometallic reagents in the sense of a Grignard, Wittig or organolithium reaction,  or if D represents the radical of the formula R⁹—T—V—X, in which V denotes an oxygen atom, [B] either compounds of the general formula (III)

in which A, E, X, R¹ and R² have the meaning indicated above,  are reacted with compounds of the general formula (IV) R⁹—T—Z in which R⁹ and T have the meaning indicated above and Z represents halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine,  in inert solvents, if appropriate in the presence of a base and/or auxiliary, or [C] compounds of the general formula (III) are first converted by reaction with compounds of the general formula (V)

in which R³⁵ represents straight-chain alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,  into the compounds of the general formula (VI)

in which A, E, X, R¹, R² and R³⁵ have the meaning indicated above,  and then reacted with compounds of the general formula (VII) R⁹—T—V—H  (VII), in which R⁹, T and V have the meaning indicated above,  and, if appropriate, protective groups are removed, or [D] in the case of the compounds of the general formula (Ia)

in which A and R⁶ have the meaning indicated above, R³⁶ and R³⁷ are identical or different and represent trifluoromethyl, halogen, nitro, azido, cyano, cycloalkyl or cycloalkyloxy each having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or represent straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy or alkylthio each having up to 6 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, or represent phenyl, benzoyl, thiophenyl or sulphonylbenzyl, which for their part are optionally substituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or nitro, or R³⁶ and R³⁷ represent one of the abovementioned spiro-linked radicals of the formula

in which W, Y, Y′, R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, e, R²⁹, R³⁰, R³¹, R³² and R³³ have the meaning indicated above compounds of the general formula (VIII)

in which R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, A and E have the meaning indicated above,  are first oxidized to the compounds of the general formula (IX)

in which R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, A and E have the meaning indicated above,  these are reacted in a next step by means of an asymmetric reduction to give the compounds of the general formula (X)

in which R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, A and E have the meaning indicated above,  these are then converted by the introduction of a hydroxyl protective group into the compounds of the general formula (XI)

in which R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, A and E have the meaning indicated above and R³⁸ represents a hydroxyl protective group, preferably a radical of the formula —SiR³⁹R⁴⁰R⁴¹, in which R³⁹, R⁴⁰ and R⁴¹ are identical or different and denote C₁-C₄-alkyl, the compounds of the general formula (XII)

in which R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, R³⁸, A and E have the meaning indicated above,  are prepared from these in a subsequent step by diastereoselective reduction,  and then by introduction of the fluorine substituent using fluorinating reagents SF₄ derivatives the compounds of the general formula (XIII)

in which R⁶, R³⁶, R³⁷, R³⁸, A and E have the meaning indicated above, are prepared,  and then the hydroxyl protective group is removed according to customary methods,  and if appropriate the substituents mentioned under D, E and/or R¹ and R² are varied or introduced according to customary methods.
 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one cycloalkano pyridine according to claim 1 and a pharmacologically tolerable formulation auxiliary.
 8. A method of treating arteriosclerosis and/or dyslipidaemia comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount thereof of at least one cycloalkano-pyridine according to claim
 1. 